How Nurses Must Treat The Lgbtq Culture - 1665 Words

Every day nurses come into the health care setting not knowing what the day is going to bring them, and patients are from all different walks of life. This is why nurses have to learn how to be culturally competent and know how to communicate effectively with different groups and ethnicities to provide the best possible outcome for their patient. Nurses must learn how to disregard former stereotypes and treat each patient with the utmost respect and care no matter what they look like or believe in. When the word â€Å"culture† comes to mind, many people think different cultures mean that the people within that culture differ physically from other cultures, which is incorrect. A culture is a group of people that share the same way of life and/or belief systems. Their behaviors, values, and symbols are similar, but this does not mean that all individuals within this culture agree on everything. This means that people from all different ethnicities can form a culture and they don ’t all have to look alike. This is how nurses must treat the LGBTQ culture, â€Å"LGBTQ people represent every form of diversity known within the human experience† ( Eliason, 2010, p.1). The abbreviation, â€Å"LGBTQ† may differ from person-to-person but generally it means lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender/transsexual, and questioning. Every name that is symbolized in this abbreviation has a unique meaning. Lesbian means women whose primary sexual attractions are to women, gay means men whose primary sexualShow MoreRelatedNurses Must Look At The Lgbtq Culture1651 Words   |  7 PagesEvery day nurses come into the hospital not knowing what the day is going to bring them, and our patients are from all different walks of life. This is why nurses have to learn how to be culturally competent and know how to communicate with different groups and ethnicities to provide the best possible outcome for the patient. Nurses must learn how to disregard former stereotypes and treat each patient with the upmost respect and care no matter what they look like or believe in. When the word â€Å"culture†Read MoreKnowledge, Attitudes And Cultural Competence Of Caring For Lgbt Community3089 Words   |  13 Pagesdocumentary released in 2013, my assumptions for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, or Questioning are sex orientation (LGBTQ) community were not clear how the world view them. I was thinking that even though many people have negative attitude in compare to positive attitude towards their LGBT status they are widely accepted among the people. I have never smelled difference to treat them as a different person. Although there are many negative consequences that arise from LGBT portrayal in media, thereRead MoreSociety s Perception Of A Woman s Role Essay2212 Words   |  9 Pagesfought so long and hard for our rights and equality, and now all our attention is put on being a size 0.† P!nk’s hit song â€Å"Stupid Girls†, released with her 2006 album I’m Not Dead, provides a commentary on society’s percep tion of a woman’s role and how women respond to that perception. She rejects the foundations of the stereotype that women exist as subordinate to men, while challenging the behavior of women who conform to these societal expectations in order to please men. Although she composed

Human Trafficking is one of the 3 largest criminal...

Human Trafficking is one of the 3 largest criminal industries that take advantage of victims through slavery, organ trade, sexual exploitation and forced labor. Usually a victim is legally transferred to another country so that the people of this crime are benefited financially. Human Trafficking has become a modern form of slavery. When people hears the word ‘slavery,’ it is a harsh reality for many people who finds themselves bought and sold like objects, and treated with no dignity. Human Trafficking is like slavery due to the same method of transportation against their will to another country to benefit others. It not only involves women but also men and children, however, it is mostly known for selling women. These victims are usually†¦show more content†¦When these women do take their offer and reach their destination, they are deceived by the people and finds out the real work they are expected to do. Once they are forced into working as sex slaves, it be comes difficult for these victims to escape from the psychological violence that these traffickers use to maintain their victims. Criminals notice that by selling humans is safer and makes a lot of money than by selling drugs. The internet includes a snippet of an author Julian Sher’s book Somebody’s Daugther where she quotes an FBI agent. The FBI agent says, â€Å"The sex trade is the new drug trade.† When selling people, it shows a little bit of risk but when selling drugs, it requires the criminal a lot of risking by trying to not be caught or losing their product. However, with human beings, it don’t require losing their â€Å"purchase† because these victims believe that they’re going somewhere with a bright future for the or because they end up in a abusive situation it becomes dangerous for these victims to escape. Susan Llewelyn Leach, a staff writer of The Christian Science Monitor, suggest that slavery that happened decades ago has not ended, it is just not recognized as much as it did before. â€Å"Today, 27 million people are enslaved, more than at the height of the transatlantic slave trade† (Leach). Although slavery has been banned in most countries, it is as if slavery has started all over again and growing excessively. â€Å"Modern dayShow MoreRelatedHuman Trafficking Is A Problem Within The U.s. Essay1617 Words   |  7 PagesHuman Trafficking Human Trafficking is a problem within the U.S. and Globally. Human trafficking is the trade of humans, most commonly for sexual slavery, forced labor, or commercial sexual exploitation for the trafficker or others. This may involve providing a spouse in the context of forced marriage, or the withdrawal of organs or tissues, including for replacement and ova removal. Human trafficking can occur within a country or trans-nationally. Human trafficking is a crime against the personRead MoreThe United Nations Office On Drugs And Criminal Essay1658 Words   |  7 PagesThe United Nations Office on Drugs and Criminal (UNODC) defines human trafficking as â€Å"the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. Exploitation shallRead MoreHuman Trafficking Is Not A Choice1132 Words   |  5 Pagesmore people involved in slavery today than at the height of the Transatlantic Slave Trade during the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries. c. Crime against humanity – stripped of their individual freedoms and identities d. Human beings are considered a commodity, and human trafficking is the business. e. Treatment of slaves - no less brutal or degrading today; These individuals are being exploited with the sole intent of being sold to increase one’s economic status; used and reused, abused with forceRead MoreThe Worth of a Child:Child Labor Trafficking Essay1459 Words   |  6 Pagesexploitative labor traffickers and that at least half the victims are children† (Startribune, 2009, paragraph 1). This number only includes the definite amount of victims that authority figures have identified as victims. It does not take in account for all of the unreported victims which are currently working as slaves or even possibly deceased from being beaten to death. And, according to the Star Tribune, each year, more than 10,000 of these victims, trafficked into the United States, are children.Read MoreHuman Trafficking Within the European Union2621 Words   |  11 PagesHUMAN TRAFFICKING WITHIN THE EUROPEAN UNION By: John Gomez Londono ID: 102229 Professors: Phil Eyre and Nick Taylor GRENOBLE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF BUSINESS LONDON, UNITED KINGDOM JANUARY 7TH OF 2011 INTRODUCTION Europe had always been proud that slavery was eradicated here before than any other continent, unfortunately slavery has come back in even more repulsive forms that generate exorbitant profits, the human trafficking. We are facing a type of exceptionally dangerous criminalRead MoreThe Slavery Of The United States1869 Words   |  8 Pages Modern Day Slavery In early 17th century, European settlers used slaves as cheap servants. Slaves were the personal property of their owners, and slave masters had absolute authority over them as human property. Chattel slaves, as they were traditionally referred to in the past, were bought and sold as if they were possessions. Even though owning a person as property was lawfully protected in the United States, enslaved individuals were not protected from mistreatment and abuse they enduredRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Human Trafficking1958 Words   |  8 PagesI became interested in human trafficking through something my Aunt commented on. She has been big on human trafficking for a long time. It started one day when she was talking about it at a family gathering. I was not paying attention at the time, but I somehow ended up volunteering to go to a lecture about the subject. I admit I was not all excited to go but I thought maybe I can learn something new. As it turns out there was so much abou t human trafficking that I did not know. The lecture was givenRead MoreHuman Trafficking Is A Modern Form Of Slavery2527 Words   |  11 Pages Human Trafficking is one of the 3 largest criminal industries that take advantage of victims through slavery, organ trade, sexual exploitation and forced labor. Usually a victim is legally transferred to another country so that the people of this crime are benefited financially. Human Trafficking has become a modern form of slavery. When people hears the word ‘slavery,’ it is a harsh reality for many people who finds themselves bought and sold like objects, and treated with no dignity. Human TraffickingRead MoreModern Day Slavery Is A Thing Of The Past We Read About America2520 Words   |  11 Pagesform of modern day slavery in America called sex trafficking. A startling 14,588 cases in America of Sex Trafficking have been reported since 2007, and these are only the cases that have been reported (Polaris, 2016). There is currently a mass market and financial gain for the selling and purchasing of a Sex Trafficking victim. Our homeless youth, domestic violence victims, and members of the LGBTQ community are among the most targeted of victims (Polaris, 2016). They are coerced into believingRead MoreCriminal Enforcement And Human Trafficking3895 Words   |  16 PagesEnforcement Officer’s Response to Victims of Human Trafficking Perla Chavez Pchavez@luc.edu CJ 403 Loretta Stalans November 23, 2014 Abstract Human Trafficking has become one of the fastest growing businesses in the world, yet it is a subject that continues to be widely misunderstood. Law enforcement personnel (N=121) will be asked to participate in a survey relating to the knowledge of human trafficking and the safety responses they provide for victims. A survey will help to determine

Graduation Speech High School - 952 Words

Throughout high school, I worked a part-time job, took care of my siblings, and tried to achieve the best grades possible. As I struggled through these troubled times, I seldom thought about college. I just wanted to be the first in my family to graduate from high school. However, Mr. Jones, my tenth grade biology teacher, encouraged me to consider going to college. As I began my senior year, he called me into his office to make me aware of the application process not only for colleges but also the various scholarship offers and grants available to me. Because of his efforts, I will be stepping onto the campus of Old Dominion University in August 2012 after winning a scholarship. Because my scholarship does not provide spending money and I must maintain a grade point average of 3.2, my path over the next few months will be a balancing act as I work to save money for spending, study to make certain I am ready for classes, and spend as much time as possible with my family before I lea ve home. Working is nothing new to me. I have had some type of a part-time job since I was fourteen years old. I spent many summer days harvesting crops at my grandfather’s farm. The work was hard, but I learned the importance of staying focused on the task at hand. Failure to do so could have resulted in a serious injury, as farm machinery is not forgiving. These experiences with â€Å"Pap† enabled me to learn a great deal about the farming process and the selling of produce to local restaurants. IShow MoreRelatedGraduation Speech : High School934 Words   |  4 Pageslife would be graduation. For many people, graduating from high school is an objective. It takes a lot of time, effort, and determination to accomplish that goal. For others graduation is the end of high school, and the beginning of a new chapter in life. When graduated people feel as if adulthood has begun. In the long run, graduating opens a lot of opportunities for people to thrive. I can almost reminisce the day as if it was yesterday. I was sitting in bed like any other school day. It seemedRead MoreGraduation Speech : High School852 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to a report from Thomas Nelson Community College website, 15.7 percent is the graduation rate in 2010. 84 percent of students failed to receive their degree. That’s beyond sad. College can be difficulty especially with everyday life is getting harder to main family life work and financials. Because college is challenging, I know that I have issues that I must overcome. I told myself the more patient s I have the better success I will have. Although college will be difficult my goal isRead MoreGraduation Speech : High School Essay2254 Words   |  10 Pages The day I graduated from high school The High school graduation day is a life full of journeys for everyone, high school life is a memorable time for most people, for me as well. High school can be filled with lots of good memories for some people and it could be filled with bad memories, for me it was both I had good times and I had bad times. The High school Graduation day should definitely be the best day of your life because that means no more high school, no more having to wake up at 6Read MoreGraduation Speech : High School Graduation854 Words   |  4 Pagesfail High School graduation can be an exciting time in a student’s life. It is a time in their lives where they begin to experience the kind of freedom that comes along with growing up. This freedom allows students to choose the type of college or University they would like to attend. It is necessary that they understand how responsible they need to be with the freedom that is being offered to them. When choosing what college or university to attend it may be tempting to want to go to a school thatRead MoreGraduation Speech : High School Graduation1507 Words   |  7 PagesForest English 1010 9/9/2014 Graduation During our lives, most of us have hated getting up early. Whether we as humans enjoy mornings or not, we’re always looking forward to that unforgettable day. That special is high school graduation for me. Graduation is a ceremony that recognizes students that have excelled through school. Graduation was one of the best days of my life, perhaps even better than the day that I started college. There is no other day like graduation where there comes this feelingRead MoreGraduation Speech : High School Graduation933 Words   |  4 PagesHigh School Graduation With regards to high school graduation, Balfanz, Herzog, and Iver (2007) followed 12,972 Philadelphia students enrolled in traditional middle schools from six grade (1996-1997) until 1 year beyond their expected graduation from high school (2003-2004) in order to understand what indicators would affect their projected graduation date. Unlike many of the early K-8 schools, the population Balfanz et al followed consisted of 64% African American, 19% White, 12% Hispanic,Read MoreGraduation Speech On High School Graduation851 Words   |  4 PagesThere Is No Success Without The Opportunity to Fail High School graduation can be an exciting time in a student’s life. It is a time when they begin to experience the kind of freedom that comes along with growing up. This freedom allows students to choose the type of college or University they would like to attend. It is necessary that they understand how responsible they need to be with the freedom that is being offered to them. When choosing what college or university they would like toRead MoreGraduation Speech : High School997 Words   |  4 Pagesup, I loved going to school and dreamed of one day attending college. Attending school every day and receiving good grades had become my top priority from K-12. I excelled from K-8th grade, but entering into high school was completely different than primary school. The atmosphere and environment was new to me, I was free to roam the halls or walk back out the door without any repercussions. This began my downward spiral in high school. My freshman year was by far the best school year for me becauseRead MoreGraduation Speech : High School897 Words   |  4 PagesHigh school was one of the most challenging moments in my life. Not only did I have to deal with the academic pressures and social issues from my peers I had external factors that were heavily impacting me as well. During my junior year my mom separated from her husband and me and my three little brothe rs ended up staying house to house with close relatives. Shortly after that time at the beginning of my senior year, my mom was sent to prison. In the midst of dealing with all of the demands thatRead MoreGraduation Speech : High School Essay1434 Words   |  6 PagesWhen I was in high school I had one goal, I would graduate top of my class and go to the University of Florida for pre-medicine, then onto their medical school. I never considered that I would want anything else, so I went to a specialty high school that would allow me to specialize in Biomedical sciences(STEM) and never even thought about the possibility of a life other than the one I had so precisely planned out for myself. When my nephews were born my sophomore year all of my priorities changed Graduation Speech High School - 952 Words I came into this high school believing I knew who I was, but little did I know there was a lot to discover about myself and over these 4 years I blossomed. My freshmen year was a plane white wall as I was beginning my journey in high school. My older sister who was a senior at the time and a friend from middle school helped me explore the school my first days. I began adapting to my schedule and the environment within classrooms getting along with my classmates and teachers. As days passed I began feeling comfortable not only in my academics, but socially as well. I grew distant from others, I grew closer to others, but throughout the process I began realizing that people will come and go and I needed to focus on my interests. I began joining clubs my sophomore year such as an art club and lacrosse. I felt welcomed and challenged at the same time because I had to balance academics and clubs. I learned time management and responsibility and several other important characteristics from my experiences motivating me to become more involved. My junior year was an eye opener as I realized the previous years were just a smooth ride through high school and now I have to face the challenges. It was my first year taking AP courses and I took U.S History and Calculus. History was no problem even though it’s my least favorite subject, it was an easy to understand course and I felt comfortable in the classroom. In the other hand, Calculus was the slap in the face of reality, a courseShow MoreRelatedGraduation Speech : High School934 Words   |  4 Pageslife would be graduation. For many people, graduating from high school is an objective. It takes a lot of time, effort, and determination to accomplish that goal. For others graduation is the end of high school, and the beginning of a new chapter in life. When graduated people feel as if adulthood has begun. In the long run, graduating opens a lot of opportunities for people to thrive. I can almost reminisce the day as if it was yesterday. I was sitting in bed like any other school day. It seemedRead MoreGraduation Speech : High School852 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to a report from Thomas Nelson Community College website, 15.7 percent is the graduation rate in 2010. 84 percent of students failed to receive their degree. That’s beyond sad. College can be difficulty especially with everyday life is getting harder to main family life work and financials. Because college is challenging, I know that I have issues that I must overcome. I told myself the more patient s I have the better success I will have. Although college will be difficult my goal isRead MoreGraduation Speech : High School Essay2254 Words   |  10 Pages The day I graduated from high school The High school graduation day is a life full of journeys for everyone, high school life is a memorable time for most people, for me as well. High school can be filled with lots of good memories for some people and it could be filled with bad memories, for me it was both I had good times and I had bad times. The High school Graduation day should definitely be the best day of your life because that means no more high school, no more having to wake up at 6Read MoreGraduation Speech : High School Graduation854 Words   |  4 Pagesfail High School graduation can be an exciting time in a student’s life. It is a time in their lives where they begin to experience the kind of freedom that comes along with growing up. This freedom allows students to choose the type of college or University they would like to attend. It is necessary that they understand how responsible they need to be with the freedom that is being offered to them. When choosing what college or university to attend it may be tempting to want to go to a school thatRead MoreGraduation Speech : High School Graduation1507 Words   |  7 PagesForest English 1010 9/9/2014 Graduation During our lives, most of us have hated getting up early. Whether we as humans enjoy mornings or not, we’re always looking forward to that unforgettable day. That special is high school graduation for me. Graduation is a ceremony that recognizes students that have excelled through school. Graduation was one of the best days of my life, perhaps even better than the day that I started college. There is no other day like graduation where there comes this feelingRead MoreGraduation Speech : High School Graduation933 Words   |  4 PagesHigh School Graduation With regards to high school graduation, Balfanz, Herzog, and Iver (2007) followed 12,972 Philadelphia students enrolled in traditional middle schools from six grade (1996-1997) until 1 year beyond their expected graduation from high school (2003-2004) in order to understand what indicators would affect their projected graduation date. Unlike many of the early K-8 schools, the population Balfanz et al followed consisted of 64% African American, 19% White, 12% Hispanic,Read MoreGraduation Speech On High School Graduation851 Words   |  4 PagesThere Is No Success Without The Opportunity to Fail High School graduation can be an exciting time in a student’s life. It is a time when they begin to experience the kind of freedom that comes along with growing up. This freedom allows students to choose the type of college or University they would like to attend. It is necessary that they understand how responsible they need to be with the freedom that is being offered to them. When choosing what college or university they would like toRead MoreGraduation Speech : High School997 Words   |  4 Pagesup, I loved going to school and dreamed of one day attending college. Attending school every day and receiving good grades had become my top priority from K-12. I excelled from K-8th grade, but entering into high school was completely different than primary school. The atmosphere and environment was new to me, I was free to roam the halls or walk back out the door without any repercussions. This began my downward spiral in high school. My freshman year was by far the best school year for me becauseRead MoreGraduation Speech : High School897 Words   |  4 PagesHigh school was one of the most challenging moments in my life. Not only did I have to deal with the academic pressures and social issues from my peers I had external factors that were heavily impacting me as well. During my junior year my mom separated from her husband and me and my three little brothe rs ended up staying house to house with close relatives. Shortly after that time at the beginning of my senior year, my mom was sent to prison. In the midst of dealing with all of the demands thatRead MoreGraduation Speech : High School Essay1434 Words   |  6 PagesWhen I was in high school I had one goal, I would graduate top of my class and go to the University of Florida for pre-medicine, then onto their medical school. I never considered that I would want anything else, so I went to a specialty high school that would allow me to specialize in Biomedical sciences(STEM) and never even thought about the possibility of a life other than the one I had so precisely planned out for myself. When my nephews were born my sophomore year all of my priorities changed

What Is A Theory Of Art - 1446 Words

Jen Ransom PHIL 421 11-13-15 Danto offers three criteria that must be met for something to be an artwork. What are these criteria? What is the difficulty with the first two criteria that led him to offer the third and final criteria. What is a theory of art? Why might one think these criteria lead to a circular theory of art? Why would one be wrong in this assessment? Critics have been trying to determine what exactly the definition art is for many years now. Throughout history, identifying what was art and what was not was presumed to be obvious. Therefore, one was able to differentiate between art and ordinary things as easily as one could tell one ordinary object from another. However, in the twentieth century, art began to change and works of art either were, or appeared to be, objects of daily life and use. Arthur Danto questions these works of art by asking: if we were given two things that were meant to represent one another, where one is art and the other is not, how do we determine the differences in status? Danto states that an artistic theory is required to determine what is art. He uses the ‘is’ of artistic identification and the ‘Artworld’ theories to distinguish between two objects that are identical, when one is an artwork and the other is not. He develops different criteria that must be met for som ething to be considered an artwork: aboutness, embodiment of the aboutness and context/history. When looking at three different people’s creations ofShow MoreRelatedEssay on What Is The Expression Theory Of Art1484 Words   |  6 Pages Art has evolved and regenerated itself many times during our human existence. These differences are defined through changes in styles under various theories. During the nineteenth and early twentieth century, a style known as Expressionism became popular. During this movement the artists were trying to use their artwork as a tool of expression toward life. It was mainly dominant in the nonrepresentational arts, such as abstract visual arts and music. It also was probably one of the most difficultRead MoreWhat Is Freud’s Unconscious Theory and How Is It Applied in the Art Work of Dada/ Surrealist Artists?1958 Words   |  8 PagesWhat is Freud’s unconscious theory and how is it applied in the art work of Dada/ surrealist artists? Sigmund Freud was a Jewish Austrian neurologist who founded the discipline of psychoanalysis. Freud went on to develop theories about the unconscious mind. The concept of the unconscious theory was central to Freud’s ideas of the human mind. He first introduced his ideas around the unconscious theory when trying to explain what happens to ideas that are repressed but remain in the mind. InRead MoreWhat Is Freud’s Unconscious Theory and How Is It Applied in the Art Work of Dada/ Surrealist Artists?1968 Words   |  8 PagesWhat is Freudà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s unconscious theory and how is it applied in the art work of Dada/ surrealist artists? Sigmund Freud was a Jewish Austrian neurologist who founded the discipline of psychoanalysis. Freud went on to develop theories about the unconscious mind. The concept of the unconscious theory was central to Freudà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s ideas of the human mind. He first introduced his ideas around the unconscious theory when trying to explain what happens to ideas that are repressed but remain in the mind. Read MoreArthur C. Danto s The Artworld1336 Words   |  6 Pagessee something as art requires something that the eye cannot descry-an atmosphere of artistic theory, a knowledge of the history of art: an artworld.† Danto shows us the importance of the artworld in order to know that a work of art is more than just what we can plainly see. Danto provides two theories he calls the â€Å"IT† (Imitation theory) and the â€Å"RT† (Reality theory). With these two theories, Danto explains how we can define art and why â€Å"The Artworld† is needed to help understa nd art, because afterRead MoreSummary Of The Artworld By Arthur Danto1115 Words   |  5 PagesC. Williams 4 Dec. 2013 Nature of Art Philosopher Arthur Danto, author of â€Å"The Artworld,† an artistic criticism, states that â€Å"to see something as art requires something that the eye cannot descry—an atmosphere of artistic theory, a knowledge of the history of art: an artworld† (201). Artistic theory, according to Danto, requires the presence of a subject, style, rhetorical ellipses, and that of historical context. Danto is capable of developing this view on art with the aid of an imaginary characterRead MoreDavid Hume Philosophy1172 Words   |  5 Pagesneed to find structure in the one of the most complex aspect of life, art. The Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines art as â€Å"the conscious use of skill and creative imagination especially in the production of aesthetic objects†. Paul Ziff, an American philosopher, defined art using a very broad phrase. According to the philosophy of Paul Ziff, â€Å"something fit to be an object of aesthetic attention† can be classified as art. Both definitions are rather ambiguous. This ambiguity seems to be aRead MoreIs it Possible to Define ‘Art’?1656 Words   |  7 Pagesdefinition of art. It is one of the many definitions and theories written in answer to the question â€Å"what is art?† However, that very question implies an inhibited and essentialist answer such as â€Å"Art is†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Throughout the centuries philosophers, critics and authors have attempted to edge us ever nearer to the evasive concept that is ‘art’. It is an incredibly difficult concept and practice to theorise and define, especially in the twentieth century, as it is the very essence of art, as with all creativeRead MoreArt Has Perplexed The Minds Of Both Scholars And Laymen1075 Words   |  5 PagesArt has perplexed the minds of both scholars and laymen for centuries due to the inherent complexity derived from its ability to express creativity, convey meaning, and express emotion – all while coming in various forms subject to interpretation from the audience. Rather than debate the definition of art or how it can be used to communicate, I have chosen to focus this essay upon the following question: How does art express emotion? Exploring the connection between art and emotion is an essentialRead MoreEssay on Adoros Aesthetic Theory 1704 Words   |  7 PagesArt can be interpreted in varying ways. One could take the Kantian approach by placing special importance on art’s autonomy, while proclaiming that art prescribes to its own set of self-created maxims. These maxims facilitate the creation of normative idea of art, where excellent is determined by how well it meets arts self-created maxims. Therefore the Mona Lisa is only a good painting because it greatly conforms to the maxims of the art normative. Another approach would be the Hegelian interpretationRead MoreThus, Barwell Presents Her Own Sentence Schemata, Arguing1663 Words   |  7 Pages Barwell presents her own sentence schemata, arguing that sentence schema 1-4 are meant to be understood as the following: â€Å"This artwork is well suited to be a product of an expression of E-ness† The recognition of expressive qualities within an art piece – whether it be features of a face in a painting, gestures of a thespian during a theatrical performance, or the timbre of a guitar at a concert – are able to be used by the audience member for their own purposes. Barwell argues that the audience

Bend it like Beckham Essay Example For Students

Bend it like Beckham Essay In the family Film Bend it like Beckham Gurinder Chadha (the director of the film) shows the conflict/contrast of two dissimilar cultures Indian and British by using many different techniques to make this effective : different types of shots (camera techniques) , juxtapositioning, humour, symbolism and stereotypes. The film is about a young British-Indian girl named Jessminder who has a great ability/passion to play football but as her parents are strong believers of the Sikh religion they are not happy with her playing a sport which isnt practised in there culture/religion and would rather her to do the traditional Indian girl things which is practised in there culture like learning how to make traditional Indian meals, further/higher academic education (university) and getting married to a young man who believes in Sikhism. Jessminder enjoys playing football to the extent that she does it behind her parents back and she begins to meet friends from the typical British culture as football is a sport played by many British people. Jessminder makes close friends with one in particular British person named Juliet this is where the conflict of the two cultures is shown effectively, on the diversity of Jessminder and Juliets family/associates. At the end of my essay I hope to have a looked at all the techniques used in immense detail and the purpose and effect these techniques have on the film. The types of shots in this film is used quite effectively by Gurinder Chadha to show the emotions and feeling of the characters in the film. For example the close up shot of Jessminders David Beckham poster immediately suggests that David Beckham has a great importance in Jessminders life. Gurinder Chadha uses different types of shots to show the conflict of the two cultures at the beginning of the film when Jessminder has finished playing football in her dream an interview takes place with Gary Liniker and the rest of football commentators Jessminders mum is also present, Gurinder Chadha makes it clear using the interview shot that Jessminders mum is from a different culture by the different clothing. All the commentators are dressed in suits and Jessminders mum is wearing traditional Indian clothing which makes jessminders mum stand out. Gurinder Chadha then follows showing the difference of the two cultures by the difference of opinions, all the commentators are shocked that a young Indian girl could play football as good as she could and thought that it was excellent that she had this ability to play football as good as she could. However Jessminders mum had a total different view to what the commentators did. Her opinion of Jessminder playing football was that it was terrible how a young Indian girl can go round playing football showing her bare legs and had a negative view on Jessminder playing football as showing her bare legs is against the Sikhism religion. This shows how the typical English cultured opinion is diverse to the typical Indian cultured opinion. Gurinder Chadha makes the mothers in both familys (Jessminders and Juliets) quite similar in the terms of there thoughts of there daughters playing football they both disagree with the idea of them playing the sport. The mothers have also been made quite similar in the stipulations of there stereotypical views of each others cultures for example Juliets mum kept on stating things like I bet your mums getting you married to a nice rich doctor, I cooked curry last night and also questioned her name when she said it was jess, she stated Jess! Is that and Indian name? Jessminders mum reaction was the exact same when she thought Jess (Jessminder) was kissing Jules (Juliet) at the bus stop she said: These young British girls you cant tell these days what sex they are. .u7a3a0548a3edecb05990d7aafaccf8b6 , .u7a3a0548a3edecb05990d7aafaccf8b6 .postImageUrl , .u7a3a0548a3edecb05990d7aafaccf8b6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7a3a0548a3edecb05990d7aafaccf8b6 , .u7a3a0548a3edecb05990d7aafaccf8b6:hover , .u7a3a0548a3edecb05990d7aafaccf8b6:visited , .u7a3a0548a3edecb05990d7aafaccf8b6:active { border:0!important; } .u7a3a0548a3edecb05990d7aafaccf8b6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7a3a0548a3edecb05990d7aafaccf8b6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7a3a0548a3edecb05990d7aafaccf8b6:active , .u7a3a0548a3edecb05990d7aafaccf8b6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7a3a0548a3edecb05990d7aafaccf8b6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7a3a0548a3edecb05990d7aafaccf8b6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7a3a0548a3edecb05990d7aafaccf8b6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7a3a0548a3edecb05990d7aafaccf8b6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7a3a0548a3edecb05990d7aafaccf8b6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7a3a0548a3edecb05990d7aafaccf8b6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7a3a0548a3edecb05990d7aafaccf8b6 .u7a3a0548a3edecb05990d7aafaccf8b6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7a3a0548a3edecb05990d7aafaccf8b6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Film Summary - He Loves Me, He Loves Me Not EssayBut although they maybe quite similar Jules tends to have more freedom/control over her mum. Although her mum does not agree with her playing football she still does and she doesnt need to lie about it because her mum doesnt have as much control over her as Jessminders mum does also Jules dad is supporting her where as Jessminders dad does not because of hes previous experiences of playing sport in England. He had been racially abused and hes wife (Jessminders mum) seems to have quite a lot of control other him also. Gurinder Chadha shows the conflict of cultures from this because this shows that the typical Indian cultured family seems to be more austere and controlled than the typical British westernised culture by the amount of control the parents have other their daughters in the two dissimilar familys. Juxtapositioning is one of the techniques used by Gurinder Chadha to show the conflict of the two cultures. Juxtapositioning is when two ideas are placed straight after one other for example at Pinkies wedding (Jessminders sister) she is very happy because she is getting married to a young man who practises Sikhism because she is influenced by the Indian culture she has been brought up with. The camera then flicks onto Jessminder during a football match and she is happy for different purposes. Jessminder is happy because she scored a goal which is generally influenced by the British culture. The use of juxtapositioning becomes effective because the audience becomes aware of the happiness both girls are showing for opposite reasons. Humour is used in the film by Gurinder Chadha greatly and is I believe one of the key factors to the film. I feel humour is used frequently throughout the film by Gurinder Chadha to keep the audience hooked right through the film. Humour is formed by the diversity of the two cultures and the stereotypical views each family haves. An example of when Gurinder Chadha uses the conflict of the two cultures to form humour to keep the audience devoted to the film is when the Indian ladys was jogging round the park in traditional Indian clothes with a head scarves, this created humour because the audience are not expecting Indian women dressed is traditional Indian clothes to behaving in this manor. As usually religious Indian women are perceived as housewives who dont care much for sports based leisure activities and also because of the physical state they was in, they could barley breathe and there faces looked like they have just been run over by a lorry. This had nothing to do with the plot but was still inputted in the film to keep the audience ardent. An alternative example of where juxtapositioning is used is when Jules mum is trying to make Jules buy a padded bra rather than a sports bra. This creates humour because of Jules embarrassment and Juless mum openness and enthusiasm towards the bras this scene also shows conflict between the cultures because of the mums prioritys for there daughters although both parents (Jesss mum and Juless mum) do have similaritys of there expectations for there daughters like not playing football and more academic based education , Juless mum wants her to buy a padded bra because she wants her to be more attractive to the opposite sex and hopes for her daughter to get a boyfriend this is one of Jessminders mums fears and tells Jessminder to cover her body fully as the Sikhism religion has very strict outlooks on girls showing such parts of their bodies. Symbolism is also a technique used often by Gurinder Chadha to show the conflict of the two cultures, for example when the aeroplane went passed Jessminders house. This symbolises that Jessminder wants to escape and go and play football and escape from her culture because her interests c onflict with her culture. .u75e1049a823bf321e50db9080199cc46 , .u75e1049a823bf321e50db9080199cc46 .postImageUrl , .u75e1049a823bf321e50db9080199cc46 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u75e1049a823bf321e50db9080199cc46 , .u75e1049a823bf321e50db9080199cc46:hover , .u75e1049a823bf321e50db9080199cc46:visited , .u75e1049a823bf321e50db9080199cc46:active { border:0!important; } .u75e1049a823bf321e50db9080199cc46 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u75e1049a823bf321e50db9080199cc46 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u75e1049a823bf321e50db9080199cc46:active , .u75e1049a823bf321e50db9080199cc46:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u75e1049a823bf321e50db9080199cc46 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u75e1049a823bf321e50db9080199cc46 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u75e1049a823bf321e50db9080199cc46 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u75e1049a823bf321e50db9080199cc46 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u75e1049a823bf321e50db9080199cc46:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u75e1049a823bf321e50db9080199cc46 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u75e1049a823bf321e50db9080199cc46 .u75e1049a823bf321e50db9080199cc46-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u75e1049a823bf321e50db9080199cc46:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The film progresses EssayAnother example of when Gurinder Chadha used symbolism to show conflict of the two cultures is when Jessminder was aiming to shoot a goal and she then pictured her five aunties dressed in traditional Indian clothing standing in front of the goal as if they was physically stopping her from scoring this symbolises how her culture is stopping her from doing what she wants to do, there in the way of what shes aiming for the goal and continuing playing football (her goal in life), This shows Jessminders culture is stopping her from achieving her goal in life which is playing football, the goal on the pitch resembled Jessminders future of playing footbal l and her aunts resembled her culture stopping her from achieving this goal because they was in the way. In conclusion I have found Gurinder Chadha uses a variety of techniques such as: juxtapositioning, symbolism, humour and types of shots to explore cultural conflict which is the theme of the film. I believe the way Gurinder Chadha used all her techniques was very effective. I enjoyed this film because it showed in great depth the diversity of the two cultures which I found interesting to watch and was hooked all the way through.

A DollS House Essay On Gender Example For Students

A DollS House Essay On Gender The prominent theme in A Dolls House is that of male supremacy and the subsequent suppression of womens participation in society, particular to the nineteenth century and early twentieth century. In conveying the prevalence of Noras constraints and the restrictions placed upon her, Ibsen uses subtle visual nuances of space within the setting to compliment and emphasise the idea of imprisonment and limitation. One of the most evident of these being the idea of the set on stage acting as a realist representation of a house, symbolic of the dolls house that Nora, the metaphorical doll, inhabits. This structural division of space into the interior and the exterior of the house carries with it social and cultural implications. Gender roles are spatially defined in relation to the inside and the outside of the house. Traditionally it is the woman who makes the house into a home, her home, while the world of commerce, war, travel, the world outside, is a mans world. Seeing the within and the without in terms of the outdoors and the indoors immediately transforms the theatrical space into a gender-charged environment, naturally fitted for acting out the drama of man and woman, Nora and Torvald. Similarly, in developing the plot of the play Ibsen crafts certain scenes to reflect their relevance and importance through highlighting the location of a dialogue and the movements of characters within a given area. For example with Krogstads visit to the house while Nora is in preparation for the Tarentella, their intensely suspicious and secretive discourse regarding the loan takes place in the kitchen, the room furthest away from Torvalds study, with Krogstad having entered through the back door of the house. The atmosphere created is one of concealment and deviousness with an intensity of fear and anxiety on Noras part. The play is immediately introduced in a realist setting of the Helmers house describing the layout of where all the events unfold. Throughout the play Nora remains inside this setting and only leaves to attend the fancy dress party upstairs inside the building, never venturing out into the world of men as it were. She is confined within the house and therefore visually we can see the physical restrictions imposed upon her. This is extended to incorporate Torvalds study as well since it is an area offstage in a sense because the audience are never invited to survey this area of the house due to the connotations it has as a male stronghold where women are prohibited entry; a possible synecdoche for the institutions of a society in which men are superior and the predominant ruling class. A further indication of the powerless isolation that Nora endures is that she is only ever socialised through the outside interventions of others. It is only with the daily visits from Dr Rank it seems and the surprise visit of Kristine that she is able to express herself to a greater degree of freedom than with Torvald and therefore maintain a somewhat subconscious pretence of happiness when under such restrictions, for we see that it is Torvald who forbids her to talk of her childhood friends and wants her exclusively to himself. The happenings of the play evolve predominantly around Nora as the central heroin figure and therefore the attention of the audience is focused upon the doll and those who interact with her, from the outside such as Kristine and Dr Rank and even her own children who enter from outside of the house, only to be likewise imprisoned due to the somewhat different reasons of Noras insecurity and anxieties about her own morality; this remains consistent with the idea that the children too are dolls within the house, since they are confined to an extent and act as objects almost for Nora to play with just as she says she was Torvalds doll-wife and her Daddys doll child. .u87d6b3fff7faff65610eecde5b5923ee , .u87d6b3fff7faff65610eecde5b5923ee .postImageUrl , .u87d6b3fff7faff65610eecde5b5923ee .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u87d6b3fff7faff65610eecde5b5923ee , .u87d6b3fff7faff65610eecde5b5923ee:hover , .u87d6b3fff7faff65610eecde5b5923ee:visited , .u87d6b3fff7faff65610eecde5b5923ee:active { border:0!important; } .u87d6b3fff7faff65610eecde5b5923ee .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u87d6b3fff7faff65610eecde5b5923ee { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u87d6b3fff7faff65610eecde5b5923ee:active , .u87d6b3fff7faff65610eecde5b5923ee:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u87d6b3fff7faff65610eecde5b5923ee .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u87d6b3fff7faff65610eecde5b5923ee .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u87d6b3fff7faff65610eecde5b5923ee .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u87d6b3fff7faff65610eecde5b5923ee .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u87d6b3fff7faff65610eecde5b5923ee:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u87d6b3fff7faff65610eecde5b5923ee .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u87d6b3fff7faff65610eecde5b5923ee .u87d6b3fff7faff65610eecde5b5923ee-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u87d6b3fff7faff65610eecde5b5923ee:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Dave: A Scandal In The White House EssayIn developing the qualities of Torvald during the play, Ibsen demonstrates his superciliousness through precise instances of superficial pettiness such as his irritation at Krogstads tactless behaviour, with hisTorvald this and Torvald that, and his ability to return to normality having physically burnt the IOU despite the emotional and long-lasting consequences of this revelation in his relationship with Nora. However more evocative in terms of theatrical space is the idea that Torvald cant stand the sight of mending lying about, and therefore Kristine is forced into the other room with the children and maid, Anne Marie, once Torvald arrives back. This also highlights Noras attitude towards pleasing her husband and complying with his conformities. However, in contrast to Noras obedience there is her ability to subtly manipulate Torvald through her physical actions and seductively playful manner in moving about the stage and around Torvald. Traditionally, the house has been associated with a womans social place, but it can also be seen to stand for her body and her sexuality and therefore become the location where she is most vulnerable. In the theatre, the contrast between interior and exterior space, between house and outside, could be eroticised, as in some productions1 of A Dolls House, and the idea of Krogstad gaining access into the house, already threatening and devious due to the brooding question as to the loan, takes on almost explicit sexual overtones of penetration and violation. While the male characters are often intent upon entering space designated as a womans sphere of influence, Nora is faced with trying to avoid being trapped, contained and restricted by the conformities embodied in Torvald. Having fixed her anxieties on the loan and Krogstads letter, Nora, towards the end of Act III recognises her imposed limitations and so aims to escape the restrictive space of her house. Therefore her anger and disappointment finds its theatrical expression in the actual, physical act of leaving the house, her children and her husband and venturing into the outside world in order to explore both the outside of her world and the inside of her being.

The Pantheon Essay Example For Students

The Pantheon Essay IntroductionI chose to report on the pantheon because Ive seen pictures and I am also very fascinated by all the Roman monuments. I looked all around the internet and libraries. The Pantheon was very hard to find information about. It was very challenging but I found enough information to complete this report. This famous building stands in the business district of Romemuch as it was built some 18 centuries ago. Amazingly, it has withstood the ravages of both the elements and war permitting a firsthand view of a unique product constructed by Roman hands. Now, it is exposed to acid rain and fumes from passing automobiles and overshadowed by buildings of inferior taste; but, with trust in the future, the Pantheon will survive. We will write a custom essay on The Pantheon specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Unrecognized, the design of this ancient concrete building reveals unparalleled features not encountered in modern designstandards. Recent studies reveal several major cracks in the dome, but it still functions unimpaired. This condition will surely excitethe curiosity of our structural engineers. The building was built entirely without steel reinforcing rods to resist tensile cracking, sonecessary in concrete members, and for this concrete dome with a long span to last centuries is incredible. Today, no engineerwould dare build this structure without steel rods! Modern codes of engineering practice would not permit such mischief. Noinvestor with knowledge of concrete design would provide the funding. Additional constraints when attempting to build a structure as large as the Pantheon will be discussed later, but briefly they include the use of inadequate hand tools and unsafe lifting devices. I believe we can learn from this activity. Workers can build from a plan and can successful ly use their proven practices only if construction quality controls are maintained. History tells us that the Pantheon is a Greek word meaning to honor all Gods (particularly the Olympian divinities). It is ironic that our building has existed throughout many wars while being dedicated to all Gods; one can readily perceive this to be a temple for our one God. And, the Church has claimed this holy structure as a resting place for its most famous Popes, so we continue tohonor its magnificent divinity. The first incarnation of this ancient temple was built by Agrippa, the son-in-law of the Roman Emperor Augustus, about 27 B.C. Today, above the entrance carved in stone are the words M. AGRIPPA L. F. COS. TERTIUM FECIT which is translated,Marcus Agrippa, son of Lucius, in his third consulate, made it. Indeed, it is worth mentioning that Agrippas engineering talentswere used in building the famous Pont de Gard aqueduct in France. As with many cities, tragedy in the form of large fires such as those of 60, 64, 79, 100 and 110 A.D. seemed to strike Rome. Originally, many Roman buildings contained travertine (limestone rock) which easily cracked in fires. The first Pantheon wasseverely damaged and required replacement except for some parts of the lower porch section and foundation. The Pantheon was rebuilt by the Emperor Hadrian during the period 118 to 128 A.D. (a time given by Ward-Perkins).2 But theWard-Perkinss period is disputed by, Lugli who said the building was started sometime after 123 A.D. and was finished byEmperor Pius about 140 A.D.3 However, most of the bricks were made and placed in the Pantheon in 123 A.D., a date that themaker stamped on his bricks. This was discovered in 1892 by the French archaeologist, George Chedanne. It appears theconstruction of the rotunda walls took a period of 4 to 5 years, and the dome required a like period because of its height and themeager tools the Romans used. This long construction period was fortunate as it gave this pozzolan concrete ample time to cureand gain strength. Was the second temple like the first? Yes, the fundamental principle of the old Roman religion required that the temples be rebuilt without changes in original form. Tradition required that the main entrance face north, and thus the whole building was oriented on the north-south axis of the building. A description of its structural features is separated into the configuration, foundation ring, circular walls, and dome to more clearly define various components. How these pieces are unique in view of todays design requirements will be discussed shortly. .u3d21db72b76ae454e111ae537f589b3c , .u3d21db72b76ae454e111ae537f589b3c .postImageUrl , .u3d21db72b76ae454e111ae537f589b3c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3d21db72b76ae454e111ae537f589b3c , .u3d21db72b76ae454e111ae537f589b3c:hover , .u3d21db72b76ae454e111ae537f589b3c:visited , .u3d21db72b76ae454e111ae537f589b3c:active { border:0!important; } .u3d21db72b76ae454e111ae537f589b3c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3d21db72b76ae454e111ae537f589b3c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3d21db72b76ae454e111ae537f589b3c:active , .u3d21db72b76ae454e111ae537f589b3c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3d21db72b76ae454e111ae537f589b3c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3d21db72b76ae454e111ae537f589b3c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3d21db72b76ae454e111ae537f589b3c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3d21db72b76ae454e111ae537f589b3c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3d21db72b76ae454e111ae537f589b3c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3d21db72b76ae454e111ae537f589b3c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3d21db72b76ae454e111ae537f589b3c .u3d21db72b76ae454e111ae537f589b3c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3d21db72b76ae454e111ae537f589b3c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Economic Globalization EssayBodyThe Pantheon is one of the great spiritual buildings of the world. It was built as a Roman temple and later consecrated as a Catholic Church. Its monumental porch originally faced a rectangular colonnaded temple courtyard and now enfronts the smaller Piazza della Rotonda. Through great bronze doors, one enters one great circular room. The interior volume is a cylinder above which rises the hemispherical dome. Opposite the door is a recessed semicircular apse, and on each side re three additional recesses, alternately rectangular and semicircular, separated from the space under the dome by paired monolithic columns. The only natural light ent ers through an unglazed oculus at the center ofthe dome and through the bronze doors to the portico. As the sun moves, striking patterns of light illuminate the walls and floors of porphyry, granite and yellow marbles. Inside the PantheonThe building design is one of a large round shape very much like a large barrel with a dome covering the top. There is a light-well in the center of the dome. Layers of beautiful thin brickwork cover the outside, round walls. Small access holes appear occasionally in the wall which were used during construction to frame interior voids. The main entrance is thoroughly impressive:double bronze doors 21 feet high (6.4 meters), a lasting and fitting contribution from their metal smiths. These doors are protectedby a high, broad porch, made with 16 well arranged granite columns supporting a gable styled roof. The beams in the roofstructure of the porch are wooden. They were substituted for bronze members stripped-out by those in later years needing metal for their canons. Professional Roman surveyors located the inlaid marble floor to conform with a convex contour which drainedaway the rain from the oculus for these hundreds of years. In the following descriptions, some general dimensions are given to indicate the magnitude of this undertaking by the Romans. The rotunda has a rather awesome inner diameter of 142.4 feet (43.4 m), made mostly of concrete. Comparatively speaking, this distance represents about one half the length of our football field. And from the floor to the top of the opening in the dome is the same distance. As a matter of fact, we could think of the design of this building as one that could contain a theoretical ball some 143 feet in diameter. The design is not entirely unusual because there are other Roman buildings which have a similar configuration, but the size is unusual. Other buildings such as the Temple of Mercury (71 feet/21.5 m diameter) at Baiae and Domitian Nympheaum at Albano (51 feet/15.6 m diameter) have domes of this type. The Pantheon still has the longest span constructed before the 19th Century. To provide details on this complex configuration, the following figures show the building with its two-ring foundation, voids in the walls, and the step-ring and coffer arrangement in the dome. FoundationThe Pantheon was built on marshy, unstable earth which gave a serious supporting problem to its builders. The Jutland Archaeological Society described in detail various aspects of the ring foundation; they found it rested on a bed of bluish colored river clay.8 This condition invited disaster, and in the final construction phase, the foundation cracked at the two ends of the North-South axis. If one section of a building settles slightly faster and lower than an adjacent section, very large bending stresses are initiated at a point between these two sections which can crack the concrete. And uneven settling was the problem given to the builders. The present-day engineering solution to this type of foundation problem is to drive piles through the clay to bedrock so the building will be firmly supported all the way around. The Roman builders chose a different approach. They built a second ring to hold the first ring from cracking further and to give the clay more area to support the structure. It worked becausethe building has lasted over 1800 years. .u48ec6d0362e82b71bb10e6e698c7826b , .u48ec6d0362e82b71bb10e6e698c7826b .postImageUrl , .u48ec6d0362e82b71bb10e6e698c7826b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u48ec6d0362e82b71bb10e6e698c7826b , .u48ec6d0362e82b71bb10e6e698c7826b:hover , .u48ec6d0362e82b71bb10e6e698c7826b:visited , .u48ec6d0362e82b71bb10e6e698c7826b:active { border:0!important; } .u48ec6d0362e82b71bb10e6e698c7826b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u48ec6d0362e82b71bb10e6e698c7826b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u48ec6d0362e82b71bb10e6e698c7826b:active , .u48ec6d0362e82b71bb10e6e698c7826b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u48ec6d0362e82b71bb10e6e698c7826b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u48ec6d0362e82b71bb10e6e698c7826b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u48ec6d0362e82b71bb10e6e698c7826b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u48ec6d0362e82b71bb10e6e698c7826b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u48ec6d0362e82b71bb10e6e698c7826b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u48ec6d0362e82b71bb10e6e698c7826b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u48ec6d0362e82b71bb10e6e698c7826b .u48ec6d0362e82b71bb10e6e698c7826b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u48ec6d0362e82b71bb10e6e698c7826b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Helping Others: Ian in "Shattered" by Eric Walters EssayIn addition to keeping the crack from extending, the builders placed buttress walls on the south side opposite the massive porch. This acted as a clampng device; and although the structural projection appears to be an additional room, it only serves the purpose of being part of the clamp. These rings are made of pozzolan concrete consisting of travertine pieces in layers held together by a mortar of lime and pozzolan. This will be discussed later in this work. Interestingly enough, the Jutland Societys investigation showed the foundation material had become rock hard,11 a case we might expect when we study the chemistry of pozzolanic reaction under these conditions. How It Stands upThe challenge of determining stresses within various sections of the Pantheon has always excited both architects and engineers who are interested in the building. Technical design people recognized that the long 143 foot span of the ancient dome could have critical stress concentrations leading to a catastrophic failure of the structure, but this has not happened. Nothing in life seems perfect, and this is the case with the Pantheon. The dome and walls have cracked. Concrete cracks under excessive tensile stress as viewed in a hoop condition. A. Terenzio, an Italian superintendent of monuments, documented cracking in the walls and dome duringhis inspection of the Pantheon in 1930. Terenzio identifies fractures `reaching from the base of the rotunda to the summit of the dome that he thought were brought about by differential settlement from uneven loading of the wall, particularly near the entrance of the rotunda in the principal niche. Rather than finding vertical differential settlement, we have observed only traces of lateral opening across the cracks corresponding to the effect of hoop tension. Terenzio believed cracking occurred shortly after construction because of dated brick repairs. The Mark and Hutchinson study showed that meridional cracking in the dome was in the lower half extending up to about 57 degrees from the horizontal on the spring line. An earlier stress analysis of this dome by Cowan theoretically placed this point at 37 degrees 36. This is the point where hoop stresses in the dome change from tension to compression presenting a point of weakness within the unreinforced concrete dome. This theoretical point is in reasonable agreement with the actual end of meridional cracking. The Mark and Hutchinson study located the cracks as occurring generally at the openings within the upper cylindrical wall which increased local tensile hoop stresses. In addition to dome, Terenzio mentioned that cracks in the walls extended upward from 24.6 feet (7.5 m) above the floor. The cracking pattern of the concrete in the Pantheon provides an unique stress configuration acting in the dome and walls. Mark and Hutchinson describe this picture as one in which the major internal forces in the cracked dome are only in the meridional direction, and this region serves as a series of arches which bears a common compression keystone in the form of the uncracked upper dome. The cracked walls serve as a series of independent piers to support these arches. Perhaps as insurance against som future dislocation, should we add a steel band around a step-ring? Although the building has survived centuries, this valuable, cracked landmark of Roman history should be protected against future earthquakes at a small cost. ConclusionAs you can tell the Pantheon was a great structure created by the Romans. I believe it has played a great role in Greek history. Even though this building is unpopular to many people, but this report proves that it is one of the greatest and most historical man made creation. BibliographyEncarta 95 EncyclopediaH. W. Cowan, The Master Builders. John Wiley and Son, New York, 1977Http://www.broyan/sor/index.pa-pr/Pantheon.html- Programmer: Jack M. Loudel