A Literal Reading Of The Indian Constitution - 1595 Words

A literal reading of the Indian constitution however the misleading. Multiple overlaps have occurred, not merely in the concurrent sphere of jurisdiction but also in spheres explicitly assigned to the States. Financial constraints of the states have led to the proliferation of central schemes and national missions. The all encompassing ambit of entry 20 in List III, social and economic planning provided the constitutional basis for the planned development model of the first phase. New elements of the division of powers and responsibilities have begun to assume importance, overshading to a certain extent the issues which dominated the reform agenda of the earlier period. While the issue of distribution of responsibilities and powers in federal political, system is generally contentions, a gross mismatch between the two can lead to serious tensions. The federal dialogue with the states is often pre - empted by central administrative and policy decisions. The Centre often decided on a p articular course of action and only thereafter seeks inputs from the States. Consensus building is after the decision, not before. This mode of decision is not in favour of federalism . From the above discussion, it is clear that the Indian Federation is not a partnership among equals. The Union Government is certainly superior to the States. Not only is the area of the Centre larger by one third, but there are three more factors giving a tilt in favour of the Centre . It is the CentreShow MoreRelatedEssay on Freedom1067 Words   |  5 Pages Freedom is defined as the absence of necessity, coercion, or constraint in choice or action. In An Indian’s View of Indian Affairs, Chief Joseph petitions for freedom. Martin Luther King’s â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech is a call for freedom. The texts written by Chief Joseph and King share many similar philosophies because the situations faced by two cultures, which are embodied in the texts, are similar. Chief Joseph rep resents a group of Native Americans who are restricted to land that they do not covetRead MoreJudicial Appointments And The Judiciary2794 Words   |  12 PagesThe work of the executive has become so vast, the powers delegated to it by the legislature are so wide, that judges are, perhaps more than at any previous time, the real safeguard of personal liberty. The Judges interpret the law, protect the Constitution and settle all disputes which come up within the complex society. But they must perform these stupendous duties honestly, independently and with circumspection. Hence Appointments to the Judiciary is a crucial area that directly affects the credibilityRead MoreSecularism And Indi Secularism1795 Words   |  8 PagesSecularism in Indian context- A Close Reading Secularism in Indian context is distinct from Western secularism. Indian secularism is not irreligion, but multitude of religions. 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And they were unique in that (a) New York was born of Dutch heritage rather than English, and (b) Pennsylvania thrived more thanRead MoreThe Indian Constitution1868 Words   |  8 PagesINTRODUCTION The undeniable fundamental rights were preserved in Part III of the Indian Constitution. Directive Principles were enumerated in Part IV of the Constitution. The terms â€Å"fundamental rights† have not been defined in the Constitution. Article 12 imposes duty on the state to protect citizens for enjoying the Fundamental Rights. Each article has a distinct, important an valuable fundamental right empowering the citizens. These rights primarily aimed at assuring political freedom to theRead MoreDefinition Of Contempt Of Court3206 Words   |  13 Pagesunder various subheads are: 1. Constitution of India In the Indian Constitution Article 129 declares Supreme Court to be a court of record and entrusts it with the power to punish for contempt of itself. 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In law, theRead MoreRelief under Consumer Protection Law and Policy2236 Words   |  9 PagesRELIEF UNDER CONSUMER PROTECTION LAW AND POLICY – A STUDY IN MEDICAL NEGLIGENCE INTRODUCTION October 24, 2013 was a historical day for the Indian judiciary - the Supreme Court delivered a landmark judgment in the award of compensation in an important case on medical negligence, the Anuradha Saha case which had been languishing in lower courts for over a decade. The unprecedented compensation amounting to a whopping Rs. 11 crore is the highest quantum of monetary damages ever awarded in IndiaRead MoreInterpretation Of Double Tax Avoidance Agreements3787 Words   |  16 Pagesagainst each and every State’s appetite for more tax revenues. It is impossible to interpret an international agreement by the application of domestic rules as it is the case for the international forum which cannot be bound by principles of the constitution of participating states. Thus for interpreting effectively it is very important to harmonise various national methods of interpretation. Need for interpretation arises because of the conflict in opinion of the states who are parties to a contract

Essay On Big Data - 892 Words

Big data is needed in several situations during election process, but the main purpose of political data is to provide a citizens’ contact list. Campaigns need information about which citizens participate in specific campaign actions like rallies, petitions, candidate support, donating money, volunteering, or issues in tracking polls. Now, election campaigns develop detailed databases about citizens to guide them through the process. Citizens themselves provide the most valuable information. Then, data analysts use this information to create models and predictions on the individual level about: 1) citizens’ possibilities of performing certain political behaviors 2) supporting candidates and issues 3) changing their support†¦show more content†¦Responsiveness scores are based on how citizens respond to campaign actions. It is difficult to predict which citizens will be most and least responsive to particular direct communications in a given electoral campaign. Sometimes, random field experiments can be used to estimate a result of a campaign strategy. Then, these results are analyzed to detect and model predictive scores, which will be useful in taking decisions. Some of the results of these experiments can only be used for the future campaigns . For example, the results of voter turnout experiments cannot come before the Election Day. However, others can be done during the election process to make some improvements in real time. For example, the data about changes in donations or volunteering can be used immediately. The most responsive citizens will then be targeted later and unresponsive ones will be avoided by the campaign. The main issue of interest is usually the question of how accurately predictive scores can forecast responses and behavior of individual citizens. As a result, the variables included in these scores often doesn’t have enough theoretical justification. That’s why campaign data analysts have to think critically about which data is relevant to their issues of interest in order to create predictive scores with the validity required by a campaign .Show MoreRelatedBig Data Essay1220 Words   |  5 PagesBIG DATA It refers to the large set of data or in other words large volume of data (Data can be both structured and unstructured). Structured data: This type of data is written in a format thats easy to understand by the machine and easily searchable by applying some basic algorithms. Example:phone number, spreadsheet. Unstructured data: This type of data is like human language which will not fit nicely into relational database like SQL. Example: emails,text documents(PDF,word docs,etc).How bigRead MoreEssay On Big Data1200 Words   |  5 Pageshealthcare industry historically has generated large amounts of data, driven by record keeping, compliance regulatory requirements, and patient care. 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Second, State and federal law enforcement agencies are analyzing big data to discover hidden patterns in criminal activity. The Real Time Crime Center data warehouse containsRead MoreBig Data and Data Analytics Essay1757 Words   |  8 Pagesa greater outcome and new organizational capabilities. Big data and data analytics are one of those important factors that contribute to a successful company and their updated software and information systems. What are Big Data and Data Analytics? You may ask what big data analytics is. Well according to SAS, the leading company in business analytics software and services describes big data analytics as â€Å"the process of examining big data to uncover hidden patterns, unknown correlations and otherRead MoreBig Data And Analytics Essay860 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction: Big data and Analytics have become very prominent areas of study in recent years. Company revenues exceeding more than one million are found to use some or the other form of business analytics. The techniques, technologies, systems, practices, methodologies and applications help analyze the data in the organizations to make critical decisions. Evolution: Big data and big data analytics are used to describe data sets and analytical techniques in applications that are so large and complexRead MoreThe Importance of Big Data to Business Essay592 Words   |  3 PagesWhy Big-Data is important Why is Data is important for a company? What are the effects? Competitive advantage: All companies obtain information on their customers or on their product. All these information may help a business to develop new strategies. They can also forge ahead by treating these big data. All companies have in their possession those information, so use it can be very useful. A company can identify for example their weaknesses and can improve their strategy to become the

Performance Measurement and Sustainable System †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Performance Measurement and Sustainable System. Answer: Introduction Performance measurement can be considered as a procedure of acquiring, assessing and reporting specific information as regards the performance of a particular individual, system/component, organization and group. In essence, performance management system can also be considered as a system of communication that can be designed to assist members of the staff to succeed and help them perform principle functions, meet expected levels of performance, acquire timely feedback and receive ratings of performance as well as rewards. The current study elucidates performance measurement and management system with special reference to the operations of the corporation Tesco Plc. The company reference of Tesco plc necessarily refers to a British transnational grocery as well as general merchandise retailer headquartered in England, United Kingdom. Performance measurement system can be regarded as an iterative procedure that essentially have the need to be repeated on a regular basis with special focus on customers and undertaking the right things. The measurement cycle necessarily starts as well as ends at activities and functionalities of a specific corporation and passes through four different stages. The stages namely include measurement of performance, reporting performance, learning and improving. In essence, the first step involves usage of key performance metrics or in other words performance indicators for determining progress of a corporation in attainment of strategic as well as operational goals/objectives. Thereafter, the second stage involves utilization of a specific customer metric that is necessarily a simple measurement technique that can be used to assess what matters most to all the customers (Leyer et al. 2015). Thus, the corporation might have an appropriate strategic plan in a bid to attract as well as maintain customers and meet the needs of the customers. Additionally, this process also includes usage of process metric that refers to measurement techniques and instruments that can help in monitoring, ev aluating and enhancing performance. Furthermore, people metric also refers to measurement technique that can be used for determination of value as well as effectiveness of initiatives of people. The management of Tesco Plc utilizes 6 big Key performance indicators/measures for the entire business. Increasing volume of sales can be considered to be an important factor towards success of business model. Reports reveals that both volumes as well as business transactions is used as performance dimension indicating enhancement of customer purchases as more number of products and more frequent purchases at Tesco Plc (Leyer et al. 2015). Group operating profit of Tesco Plc helps in understanding profitability of corporation Tesco Plc. In addition to this, retail cash that is generated from Tescos operations indicates performance from the perspective of cash flow. The group net promoter score helps in understanding customer centricity of Tesco that helps in understanding the extent to which customers recommend shopping from Tesco Plc In addition to this, the management of Tesco plc also implements Group Supplier Satisfaction for understanding Tesco Plcs commitment towards strong partnership (Bennett et al. 2014). Moving further, the performance measurement system of Tesco Plc also involves development of a strategic plan for the same. Essentially, the management of the corporation has developed a strategic plan that focuses on both alignment and concentrates on selecting the right actions for better delivery to customers and attainment of success for business. In addition to this, the business also has performance measurement dimension for monitoring performance. The findings deduced from the dimensions include the following: Repeated recommendation by Customers (for example, frequency of shopping) - This measure can help in delivering indication regarding progress in attaining competitiveness (Bennett et al. 2014). Recommendation by colleagues as a good place of work as well as shop This measure helps in monitoring openness, transparency along with responsiveness of business environment. Building Trusted Partnerships This measure helps in understanding relationship of Tesco with diverse suppliers, objective of restoring trust as well as transparency. Grow sales The growth in sales helps in monitoring performance of corporation from the perspective of growth in sales and attainment of stronger financial condition (Bennett et al. 2014) Delivering Profit- The process of delivering profit can assist in understanding level of profitability of corporation The monitoring procedure helps in explaining the extent of effectiveness of operational performance. Subsequently, this can help in controlling and improving the performance by rectification. Influence of performance measurement system on operations of corporation Analysis of the reports on Tesco Plc reveals the fact that in a bid to deliver superior strategy and enhance performance of business the management of Tesco Plc designed a strategic performance management structure. Performance framework tools helps in aligning corporate vision of Tesco Plc and permit corporations to make certain monitoring of delivery strategy and management. Nevertheless, it is significant to make the frameworks proper documents that can be regularly revised as well as updated to replicate the altering nature of the entire business (Leyer et al. 2015). However, at the time when the strategic priorities of a corporation shift, the strategic performance structure needs to be altered too. Originally, the performance measurement framework of Tesco counting the Steering Wheel consisted of four different perspectives namely Finance, People, Customer as well as Operations. The operation perspective of Tesco mainly contains four different goals: Shopping can be considered to be superior for different clientele Work is necessarily simpler for members of the staff The manner in which company operates is necessarily cheaper for the company Tesco The manner in which company operate is very responsible and at the same time safe The management of Tesco has updated framework of performance and replicate alterations as per the revised goals. There are several corporations that develop great framework of performance and then allows getting the framework stale (Bennett et al. 2014). Therefore, the framework fails to alter them in order to replicate alterations in the companys strategy. However, management of the firm Tesco Plc evolved the performance framework in line with the organizations strategic goals. Essentially, appropriate analysis of performance framework revealed the fact that the performance measurement structure fails to identify and take into account the perspective of the community. However, one of the primary alterations is to add the community perspective to the existing performance framework of Steering Wheel of Tesco Plc. In itself, it can be hereby mentioned that the Tesco realised that issues namely climate alterations and the influence its presence has mainly on the regional community can be considered to be significant challenges that required strategic concentration as well as focus (Teeratansirikool et al. 2013). Analysis and elaborate review of the performance framework reflects the iteration of the particular Steering Wheel along with the community perspective that mainly two specific objectives mentioned below: The addition of the new community perspective has necessarily led to initiatives that include reduction of the usage of carrier bags by around 50%, use of more regionally sourced raw materials and products and decrease in the overall carbon footprint. Thus, in this connection it can be hereby stated that the new operational perspective in the framework help the company Tesco plc to achieve the objectives of doing it right in the first time, delivering consistently, making jobs easier, understanding importance of jobs, saving time as well as money (Micheli and Mari 2014). Evaluation of efficacy and efficiency of performance management practices in the light of academic framework The SMART framework also known as strategic as well as reporting system pyramid that refers to a results determinants structure and input output and process framework. In addition to this, balanced scorecard can be regarded as an important performance measurement structure implemented within corporations. This framework is involved in the process of assessing individual level as well as department level performance. This mainly includes cycle time, waste management and ensuring delivery as well as quality. Analysis of the SMART framework thereby helps market as well as financial units of the business of Tesco Plc in measuring flexibility, level of productivity along with level of satisfaction of customers (Ttil et al. 2014). The corporate vision of Tesco plc is to attain long term success that is mainly focussed on business. Essentially, vision of the company is to become highly valued business by way of serving the customers, enhancing the communities, serving loyal colleagues and shareholders. The management of Tesco helps in recognizing the main role that mainly mission, vision as well as stratagems play in attainment of success and utilize a wide range of performance indicators for monitoring and evaluating the performance. The management essentially utilizes indicators such as frequency of shopping that can be used for defining loyal customers and customer satisfaction (Melnyk et al. 2014). As rightly indicated by Pekkola et al. (2016), the results determination framework refers to a construct of mainly causality, stressing that the present business outcomes are primarily the product of prior business performance in regard to specific determinants. Furthermore, the results-determinant model primarily meets all the necessities of business to detect primary drivers of organizational performance for attainment of favourable results. Input-Process-Output-Outcomes Framework As correctly mentioned by Keong Choong (2013), Brown first introduced the notion of effect as well as cause associations in a specific performance measurement structure. In this case, there is a distinct linkage between five diverse stages of business procedures and their performance dimensions. In essence, inputs, system of processing, business outputs, business outcomes along with goals can be regarded as five diverse stages that can assist business concerns in distinguishing both input as well as output dimensions. This in turn can help in the process of identification of different factors that lessen or reduce the level of organizational performance and thereby hinder the progress. In itself, satisfaction level of employees, performance level of suppliers, financial dimensions can be regarded as input dimensions and system of processing. In essence, input along with system of processing along with output dimensions intend to attain higher level of satisfaction among diverse custo mers and maintain contented base of customers. Becker et al. (2013) asserts that the balanced scorecard framework can be regarded as the most extensively utilized performance measurement structure in corporations. This helps in assimilating four different dimensions for the evaluation of performance of corporation. In essence, internal business perspective, customer perspective, financial perspective along with the learning perspective has the need to be enumerated for the purpose of determination of real performance of a specific corporation. Fundamentally, the structure reflects the fact that the internal operations along with financial performance, diverse drivers of business performance need to have equal weight (Rosemann and vom Brocke 2015). As such, different perspectives of this framework is said to be interlinked. However, for the purpose of maximization of advantages of implementing the balanced scorecard tactic, corporations need to be associated to diverse measures through clear recognition of important facets that ca n help in driving the overall performance of the corporation. The management utilizes the balanced scorecard approach for management of operations of corporation. Again, Tesco intended to deliver its strategy and needed to present a performance management structure that can outline companys goals (Jeston and Nelis 2014). Thus, Tesco plc came up with a customised version of the balance scorecard also known as the steering wheel. Analysis of operations of firm reveals the fact that the five different sections of Tescos steering wheel help in balancing out both the effort along with resources that in turn can assist in operating as per the requirements of the stakeholders. Again, the steering wheel of Tesco essentially contains 20 objectives across five different perspectives that have helped in tracking and monitoring the firms performance. As a result of enhanced performance management system as well as practices, the company Tesco plc has recorded increase in sales, increase in price of shares along with greater share in stiffly competitive mar ket of UK. Performance Management Theories Wheelen and Hunger (2017) assert that issues due to inadequate productivity mainly stem from inefficiencyof performance management system. This is so because appropriate performance management can be referred to as the a persistent process of detecting, enumerating as well as developing a specific benchmark/yardstick for mainly individual performance and bringing into line individual performance with specific strategic goals. Fundamentally, reward system is founded on performance outcomes of diverse members of the staff and feedback is provided to diverse individuals for carrying out any further augmentation in organizational performance. Essentially, in this connection, prior academic theories namely goal setting theory as well as the expectancy theory can be considered as two important theories of performance management that can be implemented within a specific corporation. Brocke and Rosemann (2014) asserts that the goal setting theory elucidates in detail the significance of esta blishing objectives of performance for different members of the staff since these objectives inspire the members of the staff to enhance their performance. Again, the expectancy theory can be regarded as a theory centred around a specific hypothesis that states that individual performance can get hugely affected by the anticipations as regards future outcomes (Jenkins and Williamson 2015). However, in a bid to eliminate the issues related to productivity at the level of organization, it is essential to eradicate the same from the individual level by persistently motivating employees to execute better performance. References Becker, J., Kugeler, M. and Rosemann, M. eds., 2013.Process management: a guide for the design of business processes. Springer Science Business Media. Bennett, W., Lance, C.E. and Woehr, D.J., 2014.Performance measurement: Current perspectives and future challenges. Psychology Press. Brocke, J.V. and Rosemann, M., 2014. Business process management.Wiley Encyclopedia of Management. Jenkins, W. and Williamson, D., 2015.Strategic management and business analysis. Routledge. Jeston, J. and Nelis, J., 2014.Business process management. Routledge. Keong Choong, K., 2013. Understanding the features of performance measurement system: a literature review.Measuring Business Excellence,17(4), pp.102-121. Leyer, M., Heckl, D. and Moormann, J., 2015. Process performance measurement. InHandbook on Business Process Management 2(pp. 227-241). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Melnyk, S.A., Bititci, U., Platts, K., Tobias, J. and Andersen, B., 2014. Is performance measurement and management fit for the future?.Management Accounting Research,25(2), pp.173-186. Micheli, P. and Mari, L., 2014. The theory and practice of performance measurement.Management accounting research,25(2), pp.147-156. Pekkola, S., Pekkola, S., Ukko, J. and Ukko, J., 2016. Designing a performance measurement system for collaborative network.International Journal of Operations Production Management,36(11), pp.1410-1434. Rosemann, M. and vom Brocke, J., 2015. The six core elements of business process management. InHandbook on business process management 1(pp. 105-122). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Szabo, S. and Sidor, J., 2014. The performance measurement systempotentials and barriers for its implementation in healthcare facilities.Journal of Applied Economic Sciences,9(4), pp.728-735. Taticchi, P., Garengo, P., Nudurupati, S.S., Tonelli, F. and Pasqualino, R., 2015. A review of decision-support tools and performance measurement and sustainable supply chain management.International Journal of Production Research,53(21), pp.6473-6494. Ttil, J., Helki, P. and Holmstrm, J., 2014. Exploring the performance effects of performance measurement system use in maintenance process.Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering,20(4), pp.377-401. Teeratansirikool, L., Siengthai, S., Badir, Y. and Charoenngam, C., 2013. Competitive strategies and firm performance: the mediating role of performance measurement.International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management,62(2), pp.168-184. Wheelen, T.L. and Hunger, J.D., 2017.Strategic management and business policy. pearson.

Abortion Arguments Essay Example For Students

Abortion Arguments Essay AbortionThere are two views on abortions. The pro-lifers believe that an abortion at any time is wrong. The pro-choices think that a woman should have the choice to abort the fetus before it becomes conscious. I am a strong believer in pro-life. I feel that an abortion of any kind is murder and should be treated as such. Just because the fetus is not born yet does not mean that it does not have just as many rights as a full grown human would have. In the Scott, Foresman Advanced Dictionary, Thorndike and Barnhart define abortion as the removal of a developing embryo or fetus from the uterus to terminate a pregnancy before the birth, resulting in death of the fetus. Since 1973, when abortion was legalized, 1.6 million abortions per year have been induced. That is over 30 million total in only 29 years. Hitler is said to have killed 6 million Jews. If he was so bad, we are 5 times worse. Along with demoralizing people, abortion also goes against the Constitution of The United States. The 14th amendment to the constitution states that no state shall make or enforce any law which shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privilege of immunities of citizens of the United States; Nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of the law; nor to deny any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. When we kill a fetus, we are failing to give that child the chance to life, liberty, and property. Therefore we are not abiding the constitution, the most important document in our country. The constitution along with God are the two things this country is based on. When God created man, he created us in his image. When we take the life of an unborn fetus, we are killing his image. By killing Gods image, we are sending out a message that it is alright to abuse and kill the children of our country. Since abortion was legalized in 1973, child abuse has risen 500 percent. This number describes the affect that killing the image of God has had, and will continue to have, if someone does not stop this madness. This is why I feel that the work of pro-lifers is needed to get our country back on track. Pro-lifers believe that the killing of a human, it being in the form of a fetus or a full grown man, wrong. They, unlike pro-choicers, believe that the fetus is human and has all the rights of a human at the time of conception. I totally agree with this concept because at the time of conception, that fetus has 46 chromosomes bar like bodies of chromatin (DNA) that have coiled to form a compact mass during conception which is the same number of chromosomes that a full grown man or woman has. Pro-lifers feel that by giving the woman a choice to abort the baby, they are telling women that they dont have to be careful when they have sex because if they get pregnant, they can always get an abortion. Pro-lifers feel that by not allowing the chance to have an abortion, it would reduce the number of unwanted children and reduce S.T.Ds (sexually transmitted diseases). It makes sense to me that if women know that they wont be able to get an abortion, they will be more careful when they have se x. If a woman does have an abortion, the pro-lifers give that woman counseling. They want women to know that there is someone who cares for them because most of the time they are devastated after they have had an abortion. .u07f7e6fb371f022d1d517cc7f1675131 , .u07f7e6fb371f022d1d517cc7f1675131 .postImageUrl , .u07f7e6fb371f022d1d517cc7f1675131 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u07f7e6fb371f022d1d517cc7f1675131 , .u07f7e6fb371f022d1d517cc7f1675131:hover , .u07f7e6fb371f022d1d517cc7f1675131:visited , .u07f7e6fb371f022d1d517cc7f1675131:active { border:0!important; } .u07f7e6fb371f022d1d517cc7f1675131 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u07f7e6fb371f022d1d517cc7f1675131 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u07f7e6fb371f022d1d517cc7f1675131:active , .u07f7e6fb371f022d1d517cc7f1675131:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u07f7e6fb371f022d1d517cc7f1675131 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u07f7e6fb371f022d1d517cc7f1675131 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u07f7e6fb371f022d1d517cc7f1675131 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u07f7e6fb371f022d1d517cc7f1675131 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u07f7e6fb371f022d1d517cc7f1675131:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u07f7e6fb371f022d1d517cc7f1675131 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u07f7e6fb371f022d1d517cc7f1675131 .u07f7e6fb371f022d1d517cc7f1675131-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u07f7e6fb371f022d1d517cc7f1675131:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Civil Rights Movement EssayOn the other end of the argument is the pro-choicers. They believe that the abortion of a baby is alright in certain circumstances. They argue that the fetus is not conscious so it is alright to abort it. I totally disagree with this statement. It brings questions like; what about a person who is sleeping? Or a person that is in a coma? Is it alright to kill them because they are not conscious? Of corse not, it is no more moral to kill a

The prime of Miss Jean Brodie Essay Summary Example For Students

The prime of Miss Jean Brodie Essay Summary In The prime of Miss Jean Brodie, Muriel Spark uses certain narrative techniques which reflect the ways of manipulation used by the title character of her novel. On one hand, an omniscient third person narrator is a way for the reader to experience all the character’s thoughts and views so that as the novel proceeds, the reader can observe the different views of Miss Jean Brodie by every girl from the set and analyze all the different aspects of Miss Brodie’s character. On the other hand, the narrative techniques in the text, such as the specific focalization aspects and the constant use of analepses and prolepses in a visibly authoritative manner, contribute to the impression that the readers judgements are in fact manipulated by the narrator, although it could seem that there is no particular attitude to characters and events suggested by means of narration. We will write a custom essay on The prime of Miss Jean Brodie Summary specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Obvious to the reader right from the start is the fact that Spark uses many time shifts which keep the reader’s attention focused. The time scheme of fast forwarding and rewinding causes the novel to seem more fictional. In The prime of Miss Jean Brodie, the narrator begins in 1936 but soon jumps back to 1930, and then forward again to 1943, the year of Mary Macgregor’s death. She then returns to 1939 and then back to 1931. The narrative then jumps forward to 1959 and then returns to 1931. A specific example of this obscure time structure is on page 26-27, â€Å"It was twenty-eight years laterIt is time now to speak of the long walk† (Spark 1984: 26-27). In this particular quotation, Spark begins with the girls at a young age. She then jumps forward to when Eunice is older and living her own life, before going back to the time when the girls are young. Although confusing at times, this format incorporates the past, present and future of the girls in order to show Miss Brodies influence on them as adults simultaneously with their relationship as teacher and pupils but it also affects the readers reception of the text in a quite different way. The jumping of the time scheme, although it adds suspense to the novel as a whole so that the reader does not know who betrayed Miss Brodie or why, does not give the reader a chance to think and analyze the characters. The time scheme causes confusion, almost as if the reader is being brainwashed. There is no concentration on a particular time period for very long. The narration constantly switches from year to year so the reader cannot focus too long on certain actions of Miss Brodie or any of the characters. When reading the novel the reader cannot form their own conclusions of the set or predict any outcome. Another noticeable characteristic of the novel that relates to the narrative is the repetition of various concepts. On several occasions, the narrator alludes to a significant happening early on inthe novel, and then mentions it several other times before the reader is actually sure of itssignificance. One example of this is when Spark continually uses one characteristic to describe each of the girls: â€Å"Rose Stanley was famous for sex†(Spark 1984:7) â€Å"said Rose who was famous for sex appeal†(Spark 1984:9) â€Å"Rose Stanley who six years later had a great reputation for sex.† (Spark 1984: 13) Each of the girls has one defining trait that the narrator states over and over again. Instead of giving a load of details about each person, the characters are limited to their most defining characteristic which become constantly repeated cliches. .u959f3f755d1d877895ae90bf06dfb7ed , .u959f3f755d1d877895ae90bf06dfb7ed .postImageUrl , .u959f3f755d1d877895ae90bf06dfb7ed .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u959f3f755d1d877895ae90bf06dfb7ed , .u959f3f755d1d877895ae90bf06dfb7ed:hover , .u959f3f755d1d877895ae90bf06dfb7ed:visited , .u959f3f755d1d877895ae90bf06dfb7ed:active { border:0!important; } .u959f3f755d1d877895ae90bf06dfb7ed .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u959f3f755d1d877895ae90bf06dfb7ed { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u959f3f755d1d877895ae90bf06dfb7ed:active , .u959f3f755d1d877895ae90bf06dfb7ed:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u959f3f755d1d877895ae90bf06dfb7ed .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u959f3f755d1d877895ae90bf06dfb7ed .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u959f3f755d1d877895ae90bf06dfb7ed .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u959f3f755d1d877895ae90bf06dfb7ed .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u959f3f755d1d877895ae90bf06dfb7ed:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u959f3f755d1d877895ae90bf06dfb7ed .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u959f3f755d1d877895ae90bf06dfb7ed .u959f3f755d1d877895ae90bf06dfb7ed-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u959f3f755d1d877895ae90bf06dfb7ed:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: AIDS: The Man-Made-Monster EssayAs the story progresses it emerges that there are certain parallels between Jean Brodie’s leadership of her girls, referred to as the Brodie set, and the dictators she so admires since she uses her charm and intellect to influence and manipulate her pupils. Throughout the novel, the narrator makes continual references to specific people, events, and places. This has many different effects on how the reader sees the story. The prime of Miss Jean Brodie is in a way based on a fascist way of thinking and teaching. Miss Jean Brodie is very fond of this method herself and the narrator also uses this method when telling the story. Miss Brod ie always tells her set of girls what the correct way of thinking is and does not allow the students form their own opinions. â€Å"Who is the greatest Italian painter? ‘Leonardo da Vinci, Miss Brodie.’ ‘That is incorrect. The answer is Giotto, he is my favorite.’† (Spark 1984:10) She also leads the students to believe that some subjects are more important that others. â€Å"Art is greater than Science. Art comes first, and then Science.† (Spark 1984:24) â€Å"Art and religion first; then Philosophy; lastly science. That is the order of the great subjects of life, that’s their order or importance.† (Spark 1984:25) Miss Brodie brainwashes her students into believing what she says and she involves them into her own specific discourse based on several frequently used notions and phrases. In the same way that Miss Jean Brodie uses repetition so does the narrator, by mocking Miss Brodie’s obsession with her prime: â€Å"Attend to me girls. One’s prime is the moment one was born for. Now that my prime has begun-Sandy, your attention is wandering. What have I been talking about?’ ‘Your prime, Miss Brodie.† (Spark 1984:12) â€Å"The summer holidays of nineteen-thirty-one marked the first anniversary of Miss Brodie’s Prime.†(Spark 1984:44 ) â€Å"There was a Miss Jean Brodie in her Prime.† (Spark 1984:128)By frequent repetitions the author reminds the readers throughout the novel of the characters and their personalities, so that we are not given a chance to form our own opinions of them. These are only a few examples of how repetition is used in the narration so that the readers are deceived into believing what the narrator wants them to which is the way of brainwashing the audience just as Miss Jean Brodie does. The narrator uses a similar technique used by Miss Brodie as she can give the readers any opinion she wishes them to believe. The narrator tells the story in such a way that all the characters’ opinions on Miss Brodie are exposed but simultaneously, throughout the story, the narrator bases and manipulates our ideas about the characters. Despite the fact that Miss Brodie might have good intentions, the reader is more compelled to dislike her because of her fascist teaching methods and actions. The narrator proves this by focusing on certain characters, the ones who were most influenced by Miss Brodie’s prime. Such examples are Mary MacGregor’s death which occurs in several prolepses and leads the reader to believe that she really was as stupid as Miss Brodie predicted. Another argument which makes it difficult to formulate any different opinion on Miss Brodie is the emphasized motive of one of the pupils who, inspired by her, runs away to join the Civil Guard in t he Spanish Civil War and dies in the process. As there is much focalization through Sandy’s eyes at some points the reader seems to be encouraged to have sympathy with her although it does not seem likely when considering the frequent references to Sandy’s small pig-like eyes which hardly suggest broad or reliable vision. It is also difficult to feel sympathy with a character who is able to betray Miss Brodie in such a cold-blooded way but, in spite of that, Sandys point of view has a strong impact on the reader as she is the most frequently focalized character in the novel. Similar techniques of narration, and manipulation, refer to Miss Brodie. On one hand, the reader knows she is a solipsist with a highly inflated sense of her own importance as on learning that Sandy has become a nun her immediate response is â€Å"Do you think she has done this to annoy me?† (Spark 1984:63). This example, and many other occuring in the text, makes Jean Brodie seem a thorough ly unpleasant character. However, it is difficult not to feel sympathy for Miss Brodie in her latter years when she is frequently described as â€Å"shrivelled and betrayed†(Spark 1984:85). .u429d2141c4e4414a4e8f3222eb9feec6 , .u429d2141c4e4414a4e8f3222eb9feec6 .postImageUrl , .u429d2141c4e4414a4e8f3222eb9feec6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u429d2141c4e4414a4e8f3222eb9feec6 , .u429d2141c4e4414a4e8f3222eb9feec6:hover , .u429d2141c4e4414a4e8f3222eb9feec6:visited , .u429d2141c4e4414a4e8f3222eb9feec6:active { border:0!important; } .u429d2141c4e4414a4e8f3222eb9feec6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u429d2141c4e4414a4e8f3222eb9feec6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u429d2141c4e4414a4e8f3222eb9feec6:active , .u429d2141c4e4414a4e8f3222eb9feec6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u429d2141c4e4414a4e8f3222eb9feec6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u429d2141c4e4414a4e8f3222eb9feec6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u429d2141c4e4414a4e8f3222eb9feec6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u429d2141c4e4414a4e8f3222eb9feec6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u429d2141c4e4414a4e8f3222eb9feec6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u429d2141c4e4414a4e8f3222eb9feec6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u429d2141c4e4414a4e8f3222eb9feec6 .u429d2141c4e4414a4e8f3222eb9feec6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u429d2141c4e4414a4e8f3222eb9feec6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Spread of Buddhism and Christianity EssayIt is somewhat ironic that the narrative structure of the novel is a reflection of the devices used by the main character in order to manipulate her pupils and make them adopt her own opinions and ways of thinking. Miss Brodies teaching methods parallel the narrative techniques of the novel, such as using certain specific and unchangable phrases when referring to each character, frequent repetitions and intrusive time shifts throughout the story. The narration in this novel is very interesting. Although it is initially confusing, the reader is able to piece together all the pieces of the puzzle at the end. Spark effectively, and provocatively, uses time jumps and simple character descriptions, which keep the reader interested and alert and at the same time intrude or impose facts and opinions into the readers mind. ReferencesSpark, Muriel 19611984The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie. Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin Books.

Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck Review

Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck Review John Steinbecks Of Mice and Men is a touching tale of the friendship between two men set against the backdrop of the United States during the Depression of the 1930s. Subtle in its characterization, the book addresses the real hopes and dreams of working-class America. Steinbecks short novel raises the lives of the poor and dispossessed to a higher, symbolic level. Its powerful ending is climactic and shocking to the extreme. But, we also come to an understanding of the tragedy of life. Regardless of the sufferings of those who live it, life goes on. Of Mice and Men Overview Of Mice and Men opens with two workers who are crossing the country on foot to find work. George is a cynical, irresolute man. George looks after his companion, Lennie, and treats him like a brother. Lennie is a giant man of incredible strength but has a mental disability that makes him slow to learn and almost child-like. George and Lennie had to flee the last town because Lennie touched a womans dress and hed been accused of rape. They begin to work on a ranch, and they share the same dream: they want to own a piece of land and farm for themselves. These people, like George and Lennie, feel dispossessed and unable to control their own lives. The ranch becomes a microcosm of the American underclass at that time. The climactic moment of the novel revolves around Lennies love of soft things. He pets the hair of Curleys wife, but she gets scared. In the resulting struggle, Lennie kills her and runs away. The farmhands form a lynch mob to punish Lennie, but George finds him first. George understands that Lennie cannot live in the world and wants to save him the pain and terror of being lynched, so he shoots him in the back of the head. The literary power of this book rests firmly on the relationship between the two central characters, their friendship and their shared dream. These two men are so very different, but they come together, stay together, and support each other in a world full of people who are destitute and alone. Their brotherhood and fellowship is an achievement of enormous humanity. They sincerely believe in their dream. All they want is a small piece of land that they can call their own. They want to grow their own crops and breed rabbits. That dream cements their relationship and strikes a chord so convincingly for the reader. George and Lennies dream is the American dream. Their desires are both very particular to the 1930s but also universal. Triumph of Friendship Of Mice and Men is a tale of friendship that triumphs over the odds. But, the novel is also extremely telling about the society in which it is set. Without becoming dogmatic or formulaic, the novel examines many of the prejudices at the time: racism, sexism, and prejudice towards those with disabilities. The power of John Steinbecks writing is that he treats these issues in purely human terms. He sees societys prejudices in terms of individual tragedies, and his characters attempt to escape from those prejudices. In a way, Of Mice and Men is an extremely despondent novel. The novel shows the dreams of a small group of people and then contrasts these dreams with a reality that is unreachable, one they cannot achieve. Even though the dream never becomes reality, John Steinbeck does leave us with an optimistic message. George and Lennie do not achieve their dream, but their friendship stands out as a shining example of how people can live and love even in a word of alienation and disconnectedness.

Gender Disparities in the Workplace Research Paper

Gender Disparities in the Workplace - Research Paper Example Even so, it is recognized that notable disparities still exist. This essay examines these workplace gender disparities through a consideration of overarching elements, culture, education, opportunities, and legislative procedures. A broad array of research has examined gender disparities in the workplace. A great degree of focus has been centered on inequalities, and indeed men are still recognized as making higher annual salaries and more consistently holding upper level management positions than women. Still, an equally strong amount of research has considered the disparities that exist as a result of socialization. In this context of understanding theorists have argued that from an early age men and women experience disparities in social interaction, as men view themselves in a hierarchical social order, while women view themselves in a network of connections where the primary goal is to establish intimacy and avoid isolation (Hahn). One recognizes that such differences come to pr ominently play out in workplace scenarios, as these differing forms of acculturation challenge managerial styles and workplace interactions. To a degree these disparities can be linked to the inequality and largely patriarchal workplace order that has emerged. Such inequality has resulted in significant pressures for change, with government, women’s rights groups and activists promoting measures that would encourage more workplace equality. Another prominent consideration in gender disparity is differences in workplace culture. Within this spectrum of understanding specific differences exist among the types of jobs that men and women traditionally work. For instance, women have traditionally been relegated to careers as childcare providers, secretaries, nurses, librarians, and teachers. In addition to divergences in the types of jobs that are traditionally held by men and women there are differences in dress code expectations. While dress formality remains contingent on the s pecific environment, men are generally expected to dress in shirts with ties; conversely, women are expected to wear blouses, dresses, or skirts. There also exist notable salary differences between men and women. One recent study revealed that women in IT related fields received an average of $25.08 per hour while men received $29.66 for the same job (Vermeulen). Another study revealed that female secretaries earn just 83.4% as much as male ones, and female truck drivers 76.5% as much (Fitzpatrick). Education regarding workplace gender disparity is another major factor. A major concern in recent years has been sexual harassment. The challenge with sexual harassment has been successfully distinguishing the term from accepted modes of social interaction. Legally sexual harassment is prohibited in the workplace, but it is recognized that significant amounts of harassment still occurs. A major difficulty in eliminating sexual harassment is workplace culture wherein individuals are afrai d to report the harassment out of fear of losing their jobs. The first workplace sexual harassment lawsuit was filed in 1974 with Barnes v. Train (Devey). However, in the 1976 case, Williams vs. Saxbe, the term sexual harassment was first used (Devey). While workplace gender inequality must be countered internally, it is also important that changes occur in the political apparatus. In these regards, the 20th century has experienced significant progress. The first woman elected to political office was

A phenomenological study of Chinese Buddhist temples Essay

A phenomenological study of Chinese Buddhist temples - Essay Example This paper is about Chinese Buddhist temples from an architectural perspective. The introduction in part A describes what these temples are and this is followed by a selection of some temples of architectural significance as examples. The introduction in part A describes what these temples are and this is followed by a selection of some temples of architectural significance as examples. This brief survey is then used to identify some typical architectural features in part B, a description of three distinct architectural styles, and a discussion of the impact of the introduction of Buddhism in China. The main part C then describes the phenomenological study of a particular temple, namely the Bao Shan Chan Si after first justifying the method and introducing the temple. Part A: Chinese Buddhist temples Introduction to Chinese Buddhist temples Buddhist temples are spiritual spaces designed for worship, devotion or offerings according to the Buddhist religion. Chinese Buddhist temples ha ve been known throughout history as Ci, Lanruo, Jlalan, Jingshe and Si. Temples are one of the most conspicuous and significant of buildings that exhibit Buddhist (xiu xing) architecture. Others are pagodas (religious towers), grottos (religious caves) and stupas (dome-shaped monuments). They display marvellous items with Buddhist symbolism, sculpture, painting and calligraphy. But they have more than these outward features alone. They are also places of serenity, tranquillity and holiness. They exude an atmosphere in which people can feel inner peace and spend time to purify their souls. A selection of some temples of architectural significance There are many Buddhist temples all over China, but three of these were selected to illustrate the significance of Chinese Buddhist temples from an architectural perspective. These are the JieTai temple, the Longhua temple, and Yo Fu Si. The construction of the JieTai Temple, which is outside Beijing, began during the Tan dynasty but was com pleted during the later Qing dynasty. The JieTai temple has a special ordination platform made of white marble containing beautifully carved figures and special rock formations and trees around its main courtyard. JieTai Temple (Source: http://www.buddhist-tourism.com/countries/china/temples/tanzhe-temple.html) The Longhua Temple is the largest in Shanghai. In its domed Grand Hall is a glided statue of the Buddha together with his disciples. There is also a special sculpture that shows how reincarnation happens. In another hall called the Three Sage Hall, there are three incarnations of the Buddha, and another room contains 500 golden small arhat statues. The temple complex also has a special pagoda constructed from wood and brick. It has an octagonal structure and seven stories, which is highly symbolic. The Grand Hall of the Longhua Temple (Source: http://www.sacred-destinations.com/china/shanghai-longhua-temple) Also in Shangai is a famous temple known as the Jade Buddha (Yu Fo S i) Temple. It is so called because it contains two Buddha statues made from white jade, which were brought over from Burma. From the perspective of architecture, the temple has a Song dynasty style so it is a fairly new temple and therefore distinct from traditional Chinese architecture. One of these distinct features is the use of circular doors as shown in the photo below. One of the circular doors of the Jade Buddha Temple (Source: http://www.sacred-destinations.com/china/shanghai-jade-buddha-temple) Part B: Typical architectural features of Chinese Buddhist temples The above survey of Buddhist temples in China has revealed typical architectural features listed below. Chinese Buddhist temples tend to have: Several large halls connected together Small courtyards separating its halls Statues of the Buddha and other ornamental sculptures Tiled roofs turned upward at the corners Common materials were wood, brick and stone Usually symmetrical

Sigmund Freud Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Sigmund Freud - Essay Example (Cherry, 2014) Freud’s theory states that all intuitive energy is produced by the libido. Freud proposed that our mental states were affected by two contending strengths: cathexis and anticathexis. Cathexis was portrayed as a financing of mental energy in an individual, thought or object. Through anticathexis ego prevents the id from performing actions that are not socially acceptable. In addition to this Freud believed that human behaviour was motivated by two gut feelings: life and death. Life is connected to basic needs such as survival and etc. Death instinct is related to self destructive behaviour. In the basic structure of personality the mind is organized in two ways, consciousness and unconsciousness. The conscious mind includes all those things that we are aware of. The unconscious mind consists of things like wishes, desires, memories and etc; our mind is not aware of these however they continue to have an influence on our mind. He compared the human mind to an iceberg. The tip that is visible represents the consciousness and the rest represents the unconsciousness. Freud also divides the mind into three different modules; the id, ego and superego. The stages of development state that as children grow they go through some psychosexual stages. At each stage the libido focuses on a different body part. If however there is a problem in one of the stages, the process of development might get stuck. There can be obsession with something that might be related to that stage. (Cherry, 2014) Sigmund Freud, in addition to his excellent and sweeping theories of the human mind, he left his imprint on various people who turned out to be some of psychology’s greatest researchers. Some of the well known names are Anna Freud, Alfred Adler, Carl Jung and Erik Erikson. (Cherry, 2014). However he was confronted by Otto Rank,

5G New Waveform Signal Analysis

5G New Waveform Signal Analysis UF-OFDM, FBMC and GFDM are under investigation worldwide as promising candidates of the New Waveform for 5G mobile communication systems. This paper describes features of their signal processing technologies and issues. New Waveform analysis environment is also introduced. Impact of each waveform to existing system can be estimated quickly by the environment. 1 Introduction Preparations for the migration from LTE/LTE-Advanced to next-generation mobile communications systems (5G) are progressing in various regions worldwide. In particular, the European METIS) and 5GNOW projects have advanced the research of new waveforms meeting 5G requirements. LTE/ LTE-Advanced currently uses Cyclic Prefix Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (CP-OFDM) as the wireless signal multiplexing method, because it has high spectrum efficiency as well as high tolerance against multipath propagation and fading. On the other hand, CP-ODFM signal requires high linearity to output power amplifiers according to its high peak to average power ratio (PAPR). As a result, the power amplifier efficiency is low, increasing the User Equipment (UE) battery power consumption. Consequently, there are problems with shortened hours to receive wireless services. Moreover, the CP-OFDM spectrum has high out-of-band (OOB) sidelobes, causing problem with lowered spectrum efficiency when many UEs are operating at one location. Improving CP-OFDM is under way to solve these problems that constitute barriers to 5G system deployment. Currently, use of the Filtered Multi-carrier technology is examined to reduce the OOB sidelobes and is recognized as New Waveform. Various different methods have been proposed for implementing the Filtered Multi-carrier technology. These methods offer to improve CP-OFDM using sub-carrier filtering but each filtering method is different. Since these new waveforms are different from the CP-OFDM waveform used in LTE/LTE-Advanced, PAPR and spectrum shape are also different. As a result, devices with designs optimized for CP-OFDM are no longer optimum for the new waveforms. Therefore, RF devices, UEs and Base Stations for 5G systems will require new test instruments to generate and receive new waveforms for their various performance evaluations. 2 Example of New Waveforms This chapter explains proposed main methods of the Filtered Multi-carrier technology, in particular UF-OFDM (Universal Filtered Orthogonal Frequency Multiplex), FBMC (Filter Bank Multi-Carrier), and GFDM (Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing). 2.1 UF-OFDM UF-OFDM is a method for improving OOB characteristics by filtering each block. UF-OFDM allows a mapped signal to be allocated to a predetermined number of blocks and number of sub-carriers for each block. The data for each block are calculated using Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (iDFT) and converted to time sequence data equal to the total number of sub-carriers. As a consequence, the UF-OFDM signal becomes a time series with a length extended by (the filter tap number. The length can be set equal to the length of cyclic prefix (CP) of CP-OFDM signal. Therefore UF-OFDM has higher compatibility with the CP-OFDM. The time series signal from modulation side is pre-processed for filtering interference and S/P converted, demodulation is performed by FFT of twice the number of total sub-carriers. The demodulated signal is demapped to each symbol group after radio channel correction for each sub-carrier. Other demodulation methods such as ZF (Zero-Forcing), MF (Matched Filter), and MMSE (Minimum Mean Square Error) have also been discussed. Transmission distortion, receiver performance in the mobile environment and circuit scale, etc. will be key factors for their adoption. The OOB sidelobes have been significantly improved, being better by about 40 dB than those of CP-OFDM. Although UF-OFDM improves the OOB by filtering each block, its performance is affected by the inserted filter which causes the amplitude and phase distortion. Their results show the constellation without correction of the filter distortion. The constellation is scattered in each block in the direction of amplitude and phase due to the filter characteristics. A UF-OFDM signal (time series length of N + L à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢1) using a filter with L taps is longer than the OFDM signal with the same number of sub-carriers (N). However, demodulation of the UF-OFDM signal could be desired to be performed by N point-FFT instead of 2N point-FFT, as well as that of the OFDM signal. 2.2 FBMC Unlike UF-OFDM, since FBMC is a method for improving OOB characteristics by filtering each subcarrier, it is also expected to improve the Inter-Carrier Interference (ICI) characteristics. The FBMC multicarrier modulation techniques allow the orthogonality between the Offset-QAM (OQAM) sub-carriers to be fully assured. Since narrowband filters are used for the FBMC sub-carriers, the number of digital filter taps can be larger than the total sub-carrier number. This filter method can be implemented in two ways-in the frequency domain, or in the time domain. To fix the iFFT length to the same total sub-carrier number, time domain processing method is suitable and Poly Phase Network (PPN) is used. FBMC using this narrowband filtering has greatly improved OOB characteristics. On the other hand, the number of filter taps required to improve the characteristics is about four times the total sub-carrier number, creating a four times processing latency in a PPN configuration. Accordingly, although FBMC is problem-free for bitpipe communications such as video streaming, it has lower transmission efficiency for short packets. In the actual application, besides these blocks, there is additional processing such as equalization for each sub-carrier and filtering to remove interference caused by transmission distortion. 2.3 GFDM GFDM is a new concept method in which conventional OFDM is generalized, and it is based on the block oriented Filtered Multi-carrier method following the Gabor principle. Symbol configuration of GFDM is composed of time frequency blocks made up of a number of sub-carriers K and a number of subsymbols M with high flexibility. The modulation filter processing uses pulse-shaping filter g[n] for each sub-carrier and is implemented using cyclic convolution processing. The demodulation filter processing is performed using the same filter as modulation processing and reduces the Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI). This filtering for each sub-carrier improves the GFDM OOB characteristics but generates ISI and ICI and insertion of an interference canceler is being investigated to reduce ISI and ICI caused by this filtering. The constellation for all sub-carriers show that the symbol constellation is not converged at one point due to the effect of ICI. These results are one example of using a root raised cosine filter (RRCF). The OOB characteristics and degree of ICI and ISI generation change according to the selected pulse-shaping filter. Since the GFDM waveform has the same cyclic prefix (CP) as the OFDM waveform, the OOB characteristics are worse than the new waveform which does not have CP as explained previously. Consequently, to improve the OOB characteristics, guard symbol GFDM (GS-GFDM) method, which inserts a guard symbol between subsymbols, and windowed GFDM (W-GFDM), which performs window processing in the time domain, are being investigated. On the other hand, as the same synchronization technology is used as in OFDM, GFDM can realize synchronization more easily than other new waveforms without CP. Although GFDM is considered more complex to implement, its usefulness is attracting attention n ow. It is expected to offer flexible frame design in both time and frequency domains to applications such as IoT requiring low latency. 3 New Waveform Analysis Environment The previous sections describe the investigation results of the new waveforms that are studied as 5G PHY-layer candidates. RD activity for the new technologies requires versatile engineering tool that can provide seamless use of communication system simulation and verification by actual equipments. This chapter introduces evaluation environment configured and its testing examples. Figure 14 shows the configured new waveform analysis environment including MG3710A Signal Generator with AWG (Arbitrary Waveform Generator), MS2692A Signal Analyzer for waveform capture and MATLAB ® program for generation and analysis of transmitted and received waveforms. By using MATLAB ®, which is commercially available and widely used, building user-friendly GUI and testing various wireless systems become easy, quick and flexible. 3.1 New Waveform Interference Evaluations In the study of 5G waveform candidates, it is a key to identify waveforms to realize good spectrum efficiency of unused frequency bands. This section explains how to evaluate the impact from 5G waveform candidate to existing system waveform by using the new waveform analysis environment. In this evaluation, CP-OFDM waveform with band gap is defined as an existing system waveform and UF-OFDM waveform is defined as a candidate 5G waveform. And the impact of interference is evaluated when the defined waveforms are located side by side in the frequency domain. MG3710A can easily output desired and undesired signals by using add baseband function to synthesize and output two modulated signals from one RF signal (Figure. 15). This evaluation uses the capability to generate and synthesize CP-OFDM and UF-OFDM waveforms, and analyze the signal by MS2692A Signal Analyzer. Thus giving and receiving interference evaluation is realized. We show that the spectrum of the CP-OFDM waveform having band gap and the UF-OFDM waveform. The purple trace and the blue trace correspond to the CP-OFDM and the UF-OFDM respectively. OOB sidelobe of CP-OFDM and excellent UF-OFDM OOB characteristics are addressed. Interference evaluations based on the adding waveform at baseband of MG3710A have been described. By using this analysis environment with preparation of multiple 5G waveform candidates, OOB characteristics of each waveform, interference caused by them and spectrum allocation adequacy can be evaluated easily. 4 Conclusion Regarding the 5G waveform candidates, we have presented performance evaluations by simulation and fore-casted problems in the actual operation. It is presumed that these waveforms will be integrated into a flexible multi-carrier system supporting various use cases, frequency bands and radio wave environments. We will continue to research to provide optimum solutions for the complex multi-carrier waveform measurements.

The Transformational Leadership Practices of National Board Certified S

Introduction According to Empowering Learners: Guidelines for School Library Media Programs (American Association of School Librarians, 2009), â€Å"The school library media program is built by professionals who model leadership and best practice for the school community† (p. 45). This leadership role is a new one for school librarians; earlier guidelines documents (AASL, 1988; AASL, 1998) embedded leadership activities within the roles of information specialist, instructional consultant or partner, teacher, and program administrator. These earlier guidelines were aligned with the larger educational culture, in which school librarians have rarely been regarded as leaders by their colleagues, administrators, or themselves (Hartzell, 2002; Ishizuka, Minkel, & St. Lifer, 2002; McCracken, 2001). Perhaps because of this perception, few researchers have studied the activities of school librarians who act as leaders. The purpose of Empowering Learners (AASL, 2009) is to define â€Å"the future direction of school library media programs† (p. 5). Both Empowering Learners and its predecessors (AASL, 1988; AASL, 1998) serve as guidelines for exemplary school library media programs, providing a mission and vision for the program and identifying and describing the roles of the school library media coordinator (SLMC). The mission of the program is â€Å"to ensure that students and staff are effective users of ideas and information† (AASL, 2009, p. 8) and to support this mission the SLMC must take on multiple roles. The original guidelines document, Information Power: Guidelines for School Library Media Programs (AASL, 1988) defined these roles as information specialist, teacher, and instructional consultant. The 1998 version of the guidelines (AASL... ...ndards as classroom teachers, but the SLMC standards are currently under revision and will parallel the teaching standards closely, including a leadership component (R. White, personal communication, October 8, 2010). School library media coordinators must demonstrate leadership to meet the expectations of their national professional organization, to achieve advanced teaching credentials, and even, in North Carolina, to maintain their professional positions. Since the release of Empowering Learners (AASL, 2009), no research has examined the extent to which librarians are able to carry out the leadership practices it identifies. In this climate, however, it is important to know how school library leaders behave and to what extent they implement these practices, both to evaluate the standards and to provide examples for leadership development for school librarians.

How Does Media Affect My Life

How Does Media Affect My Life? The developing industry of media and technology has flourished into a revolution. A revolution in which has embarked on plenty of opportunities for media companies to expand and give people the ability to experience a new wave of media products and communications. The affects in which the author of the novel ‘The Shallows’, Nicholas Carr, discusses throughout his own personal experiences of how media has negatively affected his life and his mentality.From reading his novel and his insight on what the Internet is really doing to our brains, I was able to contrast what Carr had said to my own perspective and connect it to experience’s I have had similar to his. Through decades, the evolution of technology has cultivated media into something so easily accessible. Thus, creating those using this technology, to be unfocused in our generation and future generations, changing ones behaviour and creating habits due to neuroplasticity, and fi nally the crave for more technology to meet our generations enthusiastic needs.In this generation, the media has provided its audiences and purchasers with the opportunities and experiences to broaden their personal horizons. Companies and industries have provided societies and people globally with many chances to explore the World Wide Web. Carr explains his insights of the Internet thoroughly throughout his first chapter ‘Hal and Me’. He explains his involvement with his first ever purchased computer and how he fell in love with the capabilities the machine provided. Carr became so involved with the computer he invested into more computers when they were first released.Carr quickly realized what his machine and Internet was actually doing to his brain years later, making him completely unfocused. He noticed specifically when trying to read through a book, and he was not the only one. I think that the media and the Internet have taken away from the generation today, an d future generations to come. The Internet has made it impossible for people like myself, to stay focused for a long period of time while reading. There are easier ways to get a hold of readings from the Internet, with websites such as SparkNotes.Students like myself have used have used the significant source of Sparknotes to gather information about books and articles. The Internet provides a variety of sources and web blogs that help people gather information, and at the same time preventing them from reading an entire book, destroying their focus. It has become a norm today to hop on the Internet and type in a weblog, not providing one with full detail, and skimming through to gain their knowledge. The human brain allows you to discover new experiences and changes in your behaviour. Neuroplacity is responsible for providing us with neural pathways that lead to constant changes.It is neuroplacity that shapes the way we think on a daily basis. We are sucked into the media in the si mplest ways, and we do not realize the major effects that it causes to our mind. The more we involve ourselves with the media technology and Internet, we become more infatuated, as it locks our brains into a certain routine. Carr describes neuroplacity as the â€Å"ability in our brain that allows us to adapt to new situations, learn new stuff, and expand our horizons† (Carr, 34) but it is the constant desire to continue the repetition that makes neuroplacity negative aspect in the media spectrum .When our brain practices certain behaviors continuously, our circuits begin to crave it more. Habits develop such as entering a topic in a search engine on Google or Yahoo. We use search engines to view articles, and access social networks, as we depend on the Internets search engine for our daily dose of communication and media. Therefore, neuroplacity is creating habits that make one crave the Internet and media technology throughout the day in a way that destroys our brain. Enthu siasts celebrate new technology, and the thought of new media being released.They are people who believe that the Internet is only making our culture better in a positive way, indicating it is â€Å"a ‘democratization’ of culture† (Carr, 2). Globally our culture today has become full of enthusiasts, who crave the thought of new media and technology. It is common for people to be excited about the latest phones being released and new updates on websites. Our technology has changed drastically over decades, creating a more convenient way to communicate, share and receive information.Carr describes the extreme change in the way we now look at time. Clocks have become more accurate than ever before, as they were only put into places such as town halls, churches, and palaces (Carr, 43). Today, they are available for every home, hand held, and accessible through electronic devices. Carr describes the mechanical clock transformation as changing the way we see ourselves (Carr, 43). Today’s technology has helped people globally communicate with one another, shop online, search and share their own information.The media phenomenon has become so easily accessible that people now crave for more information, and want the latest technology. Skeptics predicted that this phenomenon would dumb down our culture globally. With the evidence supported by Carr, I do not believe that our culture is ‘dumb downed’ by the media, but it has provided us with more varieties of sources and technology to explore other possibilities. I do agree that the media has created a negative effect on how individuals perceive things now that media has taken over.Clocks went from only being in town halls, churches, and palaces. They are now easily accessible on a smart phone, because of the demand of new, and better technology. More technology and media are being produced today, to live up to our global expectations. The evolution of media has constructed humanâ⠂¬â„¢s thoughts in such a way that adapts to the current society of media. Current civilization has developed into such a technological state in which our society is dependent on. Human behaviors have taken a negative effect from the media in the sense that we are processing so much information.Carr allows us to observe the effects that the Internet and current media have on neuroplacity in the human mind. Media and technology industries are achieving success in the demands of new media products and sources. Global societies have depended on the Internet, and other convenient technologies to get by on a daily basis. Carr provides information that proves the Internet has stolen individual’s ability to focus. Our generation’s ability to concentrate will only worsen with the newly released sources and media products, because of the hunger for new information.

Behaviorists human development Essays

Behaviorists human development Essays Behaviorists human development Essay Behaviorists human development Essay The question of whether heredity (nature) or environment (nurture) is more important in determining the course of human development has been debated throughout the centuries (Papalia et al, 2002). The advent of Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution (1859), which emphasizes the biological basis of human development, led to a return to the hereditarian point of view. With the rise of behaviorism in the twentieth century, however, the environmentalists’ position once again gained dominance (Atkinson, 1993). Behaviorists such as John B. Watson and B. F. Skinner argued that human nature is completely malleable: early training can turn a child into any kind of adult, regardless of his or her heredity. Watson stated the argument in its most extreme form which is presented the average person’s activity (Atkinson, 1993). Today most psychologists agree not only that both nature and nurture play important roles but that they interact continuously and guide development. For example, the development of many personality traits, such as sociability and emotional stability, appear to be influenced about equally by heredity and environment; similarly, mental disorders can have both genetic and environmental causes (Atkinson, 1993). Behavior geneticists are attempting to sort out the relative importance of nature and nurture influences in the development of various behavior patterns. Psychologists are especially interested in the roles of nature and nurture in intelligence, abnormal behavior patterns such as schizophrenia, and social problems such as sociopathy and aggression (Atkinson, 1993). Non-genetic influence or the environment is perhaps the strongest alibi any person attributes to whenever things turn out not as good as they want them to be. We often make justifications why we tend to be mediocre; â€Å"because my parents did not try their very best to train me and provide for all that I need,† is our typical rejoinder. To what extent is this true, and where does the line end when it comes to personal responsibility, genetic predispositions, or the responsibility and accountability of people who exert immense influence on us? The argument postulated in this paper is not so much as â€Å"drawing the line† in as much as it has evidently proven the great impact of nurture on personality and/or human development in general (Papalia et al, 2002). Parental abuse and neglect have been issues in learning because these are factors that are vital to the child’s overall performance and normal functioning as they operate as kids and later as adults in the real world. This is also true with nutritional status of children in their growing years. Several studies have proven the effects of these factors that they are consciously observed among the educated parents; as much as possible, many actively pursue in avoiding the drastic effects of either deficiency (Papalia et al, 2002). Indeed, the environmental changes that are constantly influencing children in their early stages are established in the scientific disciplines; this despite the many arguments to the contrary. Operant conditioning, like classical conditioning, is not just an exotic laboratory procedure. People use operant conditioning everyday in their effort to influence other people. For example, parents and peers incline children to acquire â€Å"sex appropriate† behavior patterns through the elaborate use of rewards and punishment. Parents tend to praise their children for sharing with others and to punish their children for being too aggressive. The strength of an operant response can be measured by its resistance to extinction: that is, how long it takes for the behavior to return to its original rate once the pleasant consequence following the behavior no longer occurs. It is thus told that it is generally correct to say that for an operant response to be strengthened, the response should be rewarded (Nevid, Rathus and Greene, 2008). But reward in ordinary language denotes things such as money, candy, or praise. There would be times, however, that a reward will not always strengthen an operant response. This is further explained in other phenomena of operant conditioning called reinforcement; the negative and positive reinforcers etc. Reinforcement is anything that increases the probability that a particular response will increase in frequency. The presentation (positive) or removal (negative) of particular consequences may reinforce responses. Thus, reinforcement may be either positive or negative (Nevid, Rathus and Greene, 2008). Positive reinforcer increases the probability that an operant will occur when it is applied, or it increases the likelihood that a particular response will occur. When a student gets a high grade as reward for his effective study habits, he is likely to consistently follow his rewarded behavior. This is an example of positive reinforcement. Negative reinforcer increases the probability that an operant will occur when it is removed. People often learn to plan ahead so that they need not fear that things will go wrong. Fear acts as a negative reinforcer, because removal of fear increases the probability that the behaviors preceding it will be repeated (Nevid, Rathus and Greene, 2008). Primary reinforcers. There are some reinforcers that are innately reinforcing. They’re powerful in increasing the chance that a particular behavior will occur. They are usually effective because they satisfy basic physiological needs, food, clothing, and shelter are considered primary reinforcers (Nevid, Rathus and Greene, 2008). Secondary reinforcers are reinforcers which are not innately reinforcing. Their power to reinforce behavior is acquired and not innately present. Money, grades, prize, and tokens are secondary reinforcers (Nevid, Rathus and Greene, 2008). Punishments are aversive events that suppress or decrease the frequency of the behavior they follow. Punishment can rapidly suppress undesirable behavior and may be warranted in â€Å"emergencies† such as when a child tries to run out into the street (Nevid, Rathus and Greene, 2008). Case 1: Connie Demographics (age, race, sex etc. ) Connie is in the early adolescent stage of development. After watching and observing her with the allotted time, she easily related with me some basic information about herself. She’s thirteen years old, and will be turning fourteen (14) by June this year. She had her menarche last October 2008 but she said, it is not that regular yet. She has only one other sibling, a younger sister now three years old, and also a girl. Appearance (clothing, approximate height and weight and other defining characteristics) Connie is tall and lanky, and seems awkward of her height (five feet and 4 inches). She dresses simply; appeared to opt for a sporty look rather than the more feminine type. She has a medium length raven-black wavy hair. Her slim body build makes her a stand out in the crowd since many of her peers in the school ground where they are seen together, are all on the bulky side. She has a confident gait, but she appears to be very conscious at times of the stares that she gets from some of the other students strolling in the area. Her group of friends was watching something in the ipod her classmate was holding and so the mood just suddenly became serious. They were all wearing their school uniform this particular day. It comprised of a blue skirt with a white blouse, with a tiny blue ribbon to accessorize the whole get up. They donned on their IDs as well but Connie set herself apart as she was wearing a grey beret.

Apocolypse Now Reaction Paper essays

Apocolypse Now Reaction Paper essays The Heart of Darkness was written in 1903 by Joseph Conrad and the words became flesh in Francis Ford Coppolas Apocalypse Now released in 1979. His artisan vision was able to raise the poetry of Conrads story and speak them in a language that we dont want to understand, but inherently do. The canonical novel is brought to life in a radical and political translation that makes Conrads Marlow even more than a hero; he is now Coppolas brand of Jesus Christ sent on a mission by the United States army to kill the anti-American antichrist Colonel Kurtz. How does an audience relate to a man who is already dead to the world? We dont know much about the journey that has taken him to where he resides at the start of the story, but we understand that he is a man who has already seen things that have emotionally dismembered him. Martin Sheens Captain Willard has already lost the life he once lived before we catch up with him in his Saigon hotel room: since being stationed in Vietnam during the war, his wife has left him, his mission has ended and he no longer fits into society because of his experiences in the war. We, the audience, empathize with Willard because we have either lived through a war or have fought in a war. We have compassion for Willard because we have created him and hes died emotionally for our sins. The Conrad novel prepares and foreshadows his hero, Marlowe, in his dealings at the Company Office. Greeted by the women knitting black wool, who sit calmly outside of the office like sentries, he finds out that the men who have passed this way do not return. Willard is also given a taste of what is to come in his meeting at Army Headquarters. He sits down to a feast of the grotesque, a last supper before beginning his mission. While the guests take stabs at the bloody beef, a tape is played with a mans voice describing the way a slug slim...

North Street Primary School Upgrade Proposal Essay

North Street Primary School Upgrade Proposal - Essay Example The utilization of artificial lights in the presence of natural light makes the structure to be less friendly to the environment and thus contribute in emitting greenhouse emissions and harm the structure economically by increasing the energy bill for the structure. North Street Junior School is facing the similar problem thus it needs few amendments to cure the problems related to the greenhouse emission and the energy consumption. The school utilizes the artificial lights to enlighten the inner building and utilize maintain the temperature by utilizing the electricity. All the classrooms have radiators that help maintain the temperature during all seasons. In general, the building of the school is an old patterned building that utilizes an immense amount of energy for all the systems. In my view, the building was such made to restrict the outer air from being penetrated into the building but due to the lack of technology, it also restricted the natural lights from penetrating into the building that is the major reason for its higher energy consumption. On the other hand, the utilization of the fossil fuel and electricity based temperature controlled system also consumes a major portion of the electrical energy increasing the number of carbon footprints. At some place lack of insulation permits the inner atmosphere to diffuse into the outer environment making the temperature control unit to work more than required. The School is surrounded by smaller building, thus allowing a lot of light to be faced by the building (Cayless, & Marsden, 1997, p45-122). The immense amount of light may serve as to enlighten the building and to provide warm water and air to be circulated to the school. However, the dominant feature of the building is that the building is a symbol of cultural heritage and it should be touched little but implementing effective alteration in the building to consume lower energy units and reduce the greenhouse gas emissions. Thus, the solar water hea ters should be placed over the roofs of the building to capture the solar energy and heat the water and then circulate the heated water into the building. The structure is an attraction for its architecture and limits the renovation and thus it can be considered the biggest disadvantage of the building to make it green. The site of the school can be utilized to implement the energy-saving tactics. The ground can also help in maintaining the temperature inside the building through the process of geothermal heating (Level, n.d). In the geothermal process, water circulating pipes are buried into the ground about 4 to 10 feet under the surface. As the temperature inside the surface remains constant to 18-25 degrees on the Celsius scale, the circulated water through the ground attains the similar temperature and thus can be utilized to maintain the temperature inside the building by circulating the water. In general conditions, the thermal energy is provided by electrical energy or burni ng natural gas or oil, which is responsible for the increase in the carbon footprints(Burberry, 1997, p17-73). The better way is to utilize the alternate sources instead of conventional resources of energy. However solar heating is considered to give better results, more warn and less humid air. On the other hand, electric or gas heaters consume a huge amount of resource and emit a large proportion carbon dioxide.

Archetypes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Archetypes - Essay Example Archetypal characters appear repeatedly in legends worldwide. An angel is an archetype as a tragic hero who is trying to overcome the evils in his past. Many literature theories classify archetypes by their roles or purpose the character represents in the story. The classifications are protagonist, antagonist, reason, emotion, sidekick, sceptic, guardian and contagonist. Caught in the Widow’s Web Caught in the Widow’s web is a story written by Gordon Rice, which can be divided into three structural archetype types. These archetypal structures are character archetype, plot archetype and setting archetype. The characters, setting and plot archetypes that are believed to be the most important to this story have been well used by the author to convey a very complex psychological and philosophical narrative. Archetypes main purpose is to produce certain psychic forms, their description and various means of demonstration. BVCharacter archetypes The character archetypes in thi s narrative include the hunter, black widow, child, mother and scavenger. Given that the story is in first person viewpoint, the reader gains access to the narrators mind. In this case, the heroic hunter is the narrator, who is a hero in his own narrative; He embarks on a quest to find black widows in the village and neighbourhood. He found them in discarded wheels and tyres, house foundations and cellars, automotive shops and tool sheds and water meters and rock gardens. Other character archetypes are the villains in the town that is revealed in the first paragraph (Kennedy, &, Gioia, 1323) According to Miller, (126), the character archetype is the black widow as she is the object of the hunter’s fury and the heroic hunter seeks and destroys as many villains as possible. The black widow archetype character is an illusion of something evil and any bad thing that happens in a person’s life is associated to the active malevolent. Black widows always waited in the dark to ambush their victims. A black widow in somebody’s life cannot be reasoned with, just like the heroes cannot reason with their nemesis. Grice also sees the tiny spider as a villain who represents the black widow. The hero hunts them wherever he goes and at the same time, he fears them and realizes that they are too many to hunt, as much as he resolved to hunt them in the whole town. The Black widow in this narrative is seen as the ultimate villain, yet it is a small and malevolent creature with a high potential to for mass destruction. It possesses venom that contains neurotoxin that produces sweats, vomiting, swelling, convulsions and a number of other symptoms. The author also despises widows and sees them as abominations of nature, which is good in the world. Setting Archetypes The setting archetypes in this narrative include the town, the web and the cosmos or universe. This narrative is filled with material demonstrating archetypal forms that when pieced together reveals a web of intricacies that have the ability to overwhelm even the most analytical eye. The town is the main setting archetype that provides the battling ground between the villain and the hero throughout the story. The town represents the area in which the heroic hunter searches and destroys the black widow. When the heroic hunter goes throughout the town and neighbourhood, he finds the black widows in many archetypal settings like house foundations